The Effect Of Mindfulness On Initial Reactivity And Subsequent Recovery Of Negative Emotion

Negative emotion is the product of human survival and development.It not only has the function of environment adaptation,but also has a negative impact on individual physical and mental health.Studies of mindfulness-based psychological interventions have shown that mindfulness is associated with fewer negative emotions,and that mindfulness training can reduce individuals’ negative emotional reactivity.From the perspective of the process characteristics of emotional reactivity,emotional reactivity includes two stages of initial reactivity and subsequent recovery.Individual’s different performances in these two stages form their own unique emotional reactivity characteristics.Existing studies on mindfulness and negative emotional reactivity do not distinguish between initial emotional reactivity and subsequent recovery,and the internal mechanism of mindfulness on negative emotional reactivity has not been revealed.Therefore,this study takes this as a starting point to explore the impact of mindfulness on initial emotional reactivity and recovery of negative emotion,which is divided into three parts:In the first study,we explored the relationship between mindfulness and initial reactivity and recovery of negative emotions from multiple perspectives.The results showed that:(1)The level of mindful trait(FFMQ)was positively correlated with the emotional interference index in the 4s SOA condition of Emotional Interference Task,and the level of perceived trait(PHLMS＿awareness)was positively correlated with the emotional interference index in the 4s SOA condition.(2)There was a significant negative correlation between individual perception trait level(PHLMS＿awareness)and the initial reaction time of Skin Conductance Response induced by negative images.These results suggest a complex relationship between mindfulness traits and negative emotional reactivity in individuals without mindfulness practice experience.In study 2,a mixed experimental design of 3(intervention methods:standard mindfulness group,awareness training group and control group)×2(time:pre-test and post-test)was used to explore the effect of short-term mindfulness intervention on the initial reactivity and recovery of negative emotions,and to explore the role of mindfulness internal structure--awareness and acceptance elements.The results showed that,compared with the control group,(1)the recovery time of Skin Conductance Response induced by negative images was significantly reduced by the standard mindful audio guidance containing awareness and acceptance elements for15 minutes per day for 3 consecutive days;(2)The awareness of audio guidance increased the individual’s emotional interference index in the 4s SOA condition of Emotional Interference Task.The results of study 2 support that standard mindfulness interventions involving awareness and acceptance can shorten individuals’ recovery time from negative emotions.In study 3,a mixed experimental design of 2(group: 8-week mindfulness training group,waiting control group)×2(time: pre-test and post-test)was used to explore the influence of standardized 8-week mindfulness course on individuals’ initial reactivity to negative emotions and their recovery,so as to clarify the influence of more long-term mindfulness training on individuals’ negative emotional reactivity.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the waiting control group,the eight-week mindfulness course intervention significantly reduced individuals’ scores on the emotional reactivity scale and self-rating of negative emotional intensity caused by negative images,and the post-measured recovery time of Skin Conductance Response in the group was significantly lower than that in the waiting control group.(2)The eight-week mindfulness course intervention significantly improved the level of mindful trait(FFMQ)in the mindfulness training group.Integration three study found that both quality level and the intervention level,mindfulness and negative emotions(rather than the initial reactivity)there are more closely linked,short of mindfulness audio guide and long-term 8-week mindfulness courses can significantly accelerate the individual negative emotions,and accept element plays an irreplaceable role in it.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)For individuals without mindfulness training experience,the level of mindfulness trait was positively correlated with the emotional interference index in the 4s SOA condition of Emotional Interference Task,and the level of awareness trait was significantly positively correlated with the emotional interference index;(2)Standard mindfulness training of 15 minutes per day for 3 consecutive days significantly reduced the recovery time of Skin Conductance Response;(3)Eight-week mindfulness course training can significantly improve the individual’s level of mindfulness trait,significantly reduce the individual’s negative emotional intensity score,the recovery time of Skin Conductance Response measured after intervention is significantly lower than that of the waiting control group.(4)Mindfulness training can promote faster recovery of negative emotions,among which acceptance training plays an important role.