Investigation Of Huizhou Ancient Drama Stage

This paper takes the ancient stage in one Prefecture and six counties of Huizhou as the research object,and involves Huizhou drama,drama carving and folk activities.It mainly uses the multidisciplinary theories of drama,history,archaeology,architecture,sociology and folklore,as well as the research methods of literature analysis,field investigation and interview,based on the investigation of ancient stage in Huizhou,This paper aims to analyze the formation and development process of Huizhou ancient stage and the characteristics of architectural form,and obtain the change and development law of Huizhou drama function through the study of Huizhou drama and drama concept.Firstly,through literature research,this paper combs the origin of Huizhou ancient stage,and believes that its local Shanyue culture is gradually affected by the culture of the Central Plains,which has experienced the general process from "witch and nuo tradition" to "respecting ancestors and consanguinity".Among them,the development of Huizhou ancestral temple theater is related to clan system,ancestral temple system,Huizhou clan migration and ancestral theater system;Huizhou Temple theater is related to the development and changes of Huizhou Folk custom belief and local divinities belief,while the relationship between Security Divinities belief and Social Divinities belief and drama is relatively close,and the art of acting and theater is also relatively developed;Huizhou Garden Theater is related to the main commercial activities of Huizhou salt merchants,cloth merchants,tea merchants and other Huizhou merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the aesthetic orientation of Huizhou literati.The establishment of Garden Theater is inseparable from the interest,energy and financial resources invested by Huizhou merchants and Huizhou literati in opera.Secondly,through field investigation,this paper analyzes the distribution characteristics and architectural shape characteristics of Huizhou ancient stage.There are certain regional characteristics and regular in the layout characteristics of Huizhou ancient stage.The site selection of ancestral temple theater and temple theater,or the village water inlet,or the center of ancestral village,combined with the geographical trend of mountains and rivers,all adopt the facade layout gradually raised from the ceremony gate,the tenmple gate to the temple shrine.The Garden Theater was also influenced by the concept of geomantic omen at that time,mostly in the location with beautiful landscape environment.The stage door is divided into porch type,gatehouse type and door cover type,which are different,and the spatial arrangement of auditorium and stage is planned;The spectator seats and shed are generally designed for women and children,and can also be used for watching plays in rainy days;Most of the temple shrine and the temple hall are three or five bays with few carving.They are deep and high.They are the main reference for the names of ancestral temples and theatres,and are distributed in steps according to the height of the platform base,showing the relationship between honor and inferiority;The Ma Tau wallwatts of the stage can be divided into three types: sitting birds type,magpie tail type and sitting buckets type.The sitting birds type is mainly found in Shexian county and Yixian county.The magpie tail type is most distributed in Xiuning County and Wuyuan County,and the sitting buckets type is most distributed in the east of Shexian county and Jixi County.Huizhou ancient stage can increase the decorative meaning and allegorical nature of the stage by carving and deformation on large and small wooden works.The construction of stage porch and corridor,especially reflects the high development of Huizhou theater architecture decoration in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Thirdly,through collection and restoration,a total of 32 ancient stage figure carvings are redrawn,and the opera and cultural connotation of Huizhou stage figure carvings are summarized.The carving of Huizhou ancient stage is its uniqueness.The carving of opera characters on the stage is the representative of the prosperity of opera culture in Huizhou,which focuses on the concept of Huizhou Folk Opera,family ethics and the longing for a better life.Huizhou ancient stage carving can be divided into three categories: character carving,animal and plant carving,Bogu carving and geometric carving.Among them,character carving has the richest connotation,which can not only predict auspiciousness and pray for peace,but also play a profound role in human relations education and moral model.Stage figure sculpture is a harmonious unity of form and connotation,which integrates architectural structure,artistic aesthetics,education and stage art.It is also a major feature of Huizhou ancient stage.Fourth,through induction and classification,this paper combs the development process of Huizhou drama before the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and holds that Huizhou drama activities in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are mainly divided into four types: clan drama,temple fair drama,family drama and commercial contract drama.There are overlapping relations dominated by clan,mutual infiltration and interaction.It has clan purpose,aesthetic purpose,educational purpose and entertainment purpose and reflects the performance characteristics of Huizhou drama based on blood and geography.The performance scale and repertoire are inseparable from clan activities.Fifthly,through the collection and sorting,this paper analyzes the concept of Huizhou drama implied in Huizhou opera inscriptions,covenants and other historical materials,and finds that Huizhou opera after the Ming and Qing Dynasties not only retains the nature of witchcraft thinking of offering sacrifices to divinities,paying wishes and the aesthetic functional characteristics of entertainment games,but also helps clans,social organizations and geographical organizations to complete the social management functions such as the conclusion of covenants,the implementation of township regulations,commercial control,the reversal of weathering and so on.The first is to impose a ban on acting to broadcast the statute through acting,and the other is to punish the act of violating the statute through acting.On the whole,Huizhou ancient stage has gone through the transformation process of drama stage,ancestral temple property,feudal legacy,tourism resources,intangible cultural heritage inheritance and antique tracing recovery.This reflects that Huizhou area uses the ancient stage and opera to manage and construct their home,and has the characteristics of building a modern home with a new theater concept.The preservation of Huizhou opera culture and the development of tourism resources have played a great role in promoting it.Based on the existing research,this paper goes deep into the literature and cultural relics investigation of Huizhou ancient stage,makes a certain breakthrough in quantity,and tries to further reveal the theoretical value and practical significance of Huizhou ancient stage.Limited to the lack of knowledge and time,there is still a large space for the investigation and research of Huizhou ancient stage,which needs to be discovered and explored urgently.