Research On The Rescue Of Street Children In The Soviet Union During The Great Patriotic Wa

Temperance(Sōphrosunē)is an important part of Plato’s(427-347BC)city-state ethics.It is a kind of virtue that can make people harmonious and orderly inside and outside the city-state.It occupies an important position in the theoretical system of "four main virtues".Plato discusses the virtues of temperance in many of his dialogues,of which the Republic’s doctrine of temperance is the most famous and systematic summary.It runs through every class and every part of the soul of the city-state through two aspects of "self-control" and "obedience to rule".It discusses in detail the temperance of the warrior class,the temperance of the civilian class,the temperance of the philosopher and so on,demonstrating the unique connotation of the political philosophy dimension of temperance.The first is the temperance of the warrior class and the civilian class.The warrior’s character is one of the most problematic elements of the soul and of the polis.Although it appears as a natural ally of reason,it is not necessarily natural.The character is not necessarily concerned with the good of the whole The rebellion of Achilles against Agamemnon is seen by Plato as a sign of immoderation,a violation of the temperance requirement of obedience to rule.The desire and character of the common people are like blood and spirit,and they cannot consider the overall interests and automatically belong to the category of good.In addition,the common people represented by the desire are more important in the city-state but lower in rank.Once the common people do not obey the rule and occupy a dominant position in the city-state,the political system will degenerate and eventually become tyranny,and the good order will collapse So,in order to make the warrior and the civilian classes subject to rule,Plato wants to cultivate their temperance virtue through education and he uses a kind of simple music and physical education in which he cultivates their temperance virtue with appropriate forms of content and harmony that reflect high and low order;In physical education,Plato exercised the blood part of the heart and made it better assist the reason on the basis of good music education so as to realize the temperance of the soul and city-state.At the end of the education,Plato described a noble lie about the origin of the state and the difference of the natural hierarchy,expecting to promote their temperance with the help of the power of pietyAfter cultivating the temperance virtues of the civilian class and the warrior class,the whole city-state could not really become a temperance city-state,and the temperance was still at the level of opinion rather than knowledge.If there was only opinion but no knowledge,people would have virtue purely by luck rather than solid understanding and cognition of it.It is the philosopher who truly grasps the knowledge and form of temperance.The philosopher’s temperance in the Republic has two main meanings.First of all,temperance at the level of truth,in which the philosopher can transcend fluctuating opinions to secure knowledge of temperance,and grasp forms of temperance beyond perceptible things;The second is the temperance in political philosophy.First,as a ruler,philosophers have solid knowledge,understanding and love for truth,so they can not lust for material pleasure,achieve self-control and realize the temperance virtue as a ruler.Second,because philosophers master the form of temperance(including other virtues)and the highest good,so in order to truly realize the temperance(including other virtues)and good of the city,they must control the pursuit of truth and return to the city-state to rule,construct the city-state according to the prototype of all virtues and the highest good,and finally realize the overall city-state’s temperance.