Look At The Philosopher King In "Utopia" From The Analogy Of City-states And Souls

By proving the rationality of the analogy between polis and soul,this paper aims to conclude that the problem of philosopher-king is possible to be solved.The greatest happiness would not be to engage the philosopher in politics,who could have led a better life.This constitutes the philosopher-king paradox.It is crucial to demonstrate the analogical relationship between the polis and the soul in the argument of the philosopher-king.The argument of analogy is the cornerstone of the argument of justice in the republic.In the first chapter,individuals are understood from the perspective of polis and soul respectively.In the first section,the structure is sorted out with volume one as the main part,indicating that individuals are always in a certain political system and that individuals with justice need to be carried out in a polis.The second stanza shows that the righteous individual ultimately points to the soul,emphasizing the importance of the soul in analogy.The second chapter will focus on the problem of analogy,which is based on the references of Williams,Ferrari,Jiyuan Yu,Minli Nie and others.The first section introduces the question of analogy and points out its context in the conversation.The second section examines the state of the souls of the three classes in the just city and responds to Williams,Ferrari,and others.The third section mainly investigates whether the justice of city is equal to the justice of individual,that is,the consistency of analogy.It is concluded that the analogy between the justice of the city and the justice of the individual is consistent in structure and connotation,and the two are not completely equal.They have different functions as the application of different modes of justice.The third chapter discusses the philosopher-king problem on the basis of analogy.The first section argues that the individual is a philosopher and refutes the dual role theory.The second section,by describing the demands of the polis on the ruler and the state of the philosopher outside the cave,and analyzing the tension between them,excludes two kinds of motive theories of the philosopher as the king: the theory of the pleasure motive and the Socratic Platonic theory of the behavior motive.The philosopher-king is an answer to the question of whether a just polis has a realistic possibility.Since not all people have the nature to pursue philosophy and cannot achieve true justice,the philosopher-king ruled politics through philosophy and established a polis similar to justice as an answer to the question of possibility.The result is a reconciliation between the city and the individual,and Plato's political justification for philosophy.