Research On The Agricultural Loans Of The Four-Union General Office In Guizhou And Its Influence During The Anti-Japanese Wa

During the comprehensive War of Resistance Against Japan,the Nationalist government ordered the Four Joint General Office to conduct cooperative financial movement and issue new agricultural loans in the rural areas of Guizhou Province in order to meet the needs of the war.Under the impact of new agricultural loans,Guizhou countryside presents a new situation.With the help of historical materials from Guizhou Provincial Archives,Guizhou Provincial Cooperation Newsletter and related materials,this paper analyzes the effect in the operation of agricultural loans in Guizhou and recognizes its impact on the rural areas of Guizhou.On the eve of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,the rural areas of Guizhou were affected by warlords and bandits and natural disasters,and the agricultural development was stagnated.Grain output has been declining year after year,and the level of productivity is extremely backward.In rural society,the peasant borrowing way is extremely single,suffer the pain of usury exploitation.In view of this,the General Office of the four Joint in Guizhou to promote the new agricultural loan for the development of rural economy.The issuing of new agricultural loans takes modern financial institutions as the medium.With the promotion of the General Office of the Four Federations,Guizhou has basically built a modern agricultural loan financial network of "bank——cooperative vault —— cooperative",which provides support for the issuing of new agricultural loans.According to the changing trend of loan amount,agricultural loan issuance in Guizhou can be divided into three stages: "germination","prosperity" and "stagnation",and the different stages are the result of the combination of international situation and policy implementation.In the operation of agricultural loans,agricultural loans in Guizhou Province not only have common characteristics with other regions,but also have its own uniqueness.The types of agricultural loans are mainly credit loans and other loans are developing slowly.There are differences in the amount of credit in different counties,generally within the range of 50——80 yuan,on the whole,relatively concentrated;According to the different amount of credit,different purposes,divided into credit loan and mortgage loan two ways;In terms of loan term,most of the loan term concentrated nine year;The loan interest rate is mainly 8 percent in the early stage of agricultural loans,and it shows an upward trend due to the influence of inflation in the later stage.In the process of operation of agricultural loans,affected by negative factors such as poor policy formulation and the intrusion of the wealthy,the issue of agricultural loans appears "alienation" phenomenon,deviating from the original intention of loan issuance.In the ten years since the agricultural loan was issued,the level of agricultural production in Guizhou rural society has been significantly improved,the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities has been developed,and the rural economy has been restored.On the contrary,the living standard of farmers has stagnated.The new agricultural loan has hit the private loan,but it has not replaced the main position of the private loan,and most farmers still cannot escape the shackles of usury.The peasant tenancy relationship has not been changed,the life is still poor and hard.The positive influence of new——style agricultural loan on agricultural production should be affirmed,and the unsatisfactory improvement of farmers’ lives should also be paid attention to.