Qingjiao Zazhu And The Study Of Puzhou Dialect In The Ming Dynast

This thesis systematically examined the phonological system of Qing Jiao Za Zhu.Using the comparative method and through the comparison of synchronic rhyming books and diachronic dialects,this thesis screened and summarized the archaic and diachronic features of Qing Jiao Za Zhu.Then this thesis comprehensively analyzed the relationship between these features and the Kuan Hua(court dialect & Mandarin dialect)at that time and judged the phonological nature of Qing Jiao Za Zhu.At the same time,it discussed the appearance and historical sound changes of Zhongyuan Mandarin,including the Puzhou dialect,from Ming Dynasty.The introduction part introduced the author,editions,source of works,research methods and significance,research status,compilation style and phonological theory of Qing Jiao Za Zhu.The first chapter is the study of the phonology of Qing Jiao Za Zhu.By comparing the phonology of the Middle Chinese,this chapter summarized the changes and the structure of the Qing Jiao Za Zhu’s initial-rime-tone system.The initial section:Comparing the initials in Guang Yun,it sortd out the categories and changes of 20initials in Qing Jiao Za Zhu.Then it summarized and reconstructed the 20 initials.The vowel section:By comparing the medials of Middle Chinese,it summarized the correspondence and changes from the"Kai He开合&4 divisions四等"to the"four medials"of Qing Jiao Za Zhu.At the same time,by comparing the 16 She摄of Guang Yun,it systematically examined the division and combination of rime groups in Qing Jiao Za Zhu,as well as inquiring about the trend of sound changes reflected by some special characters.Finally it summarized and reconstruct these rime groups.The tone section:it summarized the tone categories and explored the condition of"voiced Tone Shang having no change".In addition,this chapter also analyzed some special issues in Qing Jiao Za Zhu such as"You Du又读",Sang Shaoliang’s principle of"labials mainly belong to He Kou合口",and the contradiction between the concept and the practice about"ancient sound".The second chapter is a horizontal comparison of 2 synchronic written phonologies.First of all,a phonology overview of Xi Ru Er Mu Zi is presented.Then,based on the phonological features of Qing Jiao Za Zhu,a comparison of Xi Ru Er Mu Zi and Qing Jiao Za Zhu is made.The main contents of the comparison include the voiced initials either aspirated or unaspirated after becoming unvoiced,the merge of Fei非,Fu敷and Feng奉,the merge of Ying影,Yu喻and Yi疑,single Wei微,the layer changes in the merge of Group Zhi知组,Group Zhuang庄组and Group Zhang章组,Jian尖initials and Tuan团initials,the palatalization of Group Jing精组,Group Jian见组and Group Xiao晓组,the reconstruction of Cuo Kou Hu撮口呼,the medial changes of character sounds from"Jian series见系/Kai Kou开口/division 2","Tong She通摄/division 3","Group Zhi知组and Group Zhuang庄组of Rime Jiang江韵and Group Zhuang庄组of Rime Yang阳韵"and"He Kou合口/Xi Yin细音of Xie She蟹摄and Zhi She止摄","Rime Yu鱼韵and Rime Yu虞韵to Rime Mu模韵",the change of rime ending[-m],Rime Guan官韵and Rime Guan关韵,"Rime Jiang江韵and Rime Yang阳韵","Rime Dong东韵and Rime Geng庚韵","Rime Ma麻韵and Rime Zhe遮韵",the rime of"Group Jing精组or Zhi series知系/Zhi She止摄/Kai Kou开口/division 3","Rime Yin Ru阴入韵and Rime Yang Ru阳入韵","Tone Yin Ru阴入调and Tone Yang Ru阳入调",the change of voiced Tone Shang,etc.Through exploring the similarities and differences in the phonoloy of the two books,this chapter would analyze the reasons for the differences,and explore the sources and relative historical levels of the phonological features of Qing Jiao Za Zhu.Moreover,the phonological nature of Qing Jiao Za Zhu would be judged.The third chapter is about dialect comparison.Firstly,by comparing the phonology of Qing Jiao Za Zhu with that of Fanxian,Henan Province,it examined the relevance of Qing Jiao Za Zhu with contemporary dialects from the same nationality.Secondly,it compared phonological features at that time of Qing Jiao Za Zhu,including the dialect features,with the relevant sectional features of today’s Zhong Yuan Mandarin.And then it summarized the historical sound changes of the dialect features represented by Puzhou in Ming Dynasty,some feature changes of Zhong Yuan’s Mandarin and dialect since the 16 th century,as well as the reservation of the early phonological features in today’s Zhong Yuan Mandarin.In the end,this thesis concluded that as a book with a rime table,Qing Jiao Za Zhu has both innovation and limitation.Its phonology is based on the sound of the northern Zhongyuan Mandarin in Ming Dynasty,mixed with features of "Yayin",Puzhou dialect and scattered ancient phonetic series.The features of the original Mandarin and Puzhou dialect involved in the book are closely related to the earlier layers of today’s Zhongyuan Mandarin.Today’s earlier layers of some dialects of Zhongyuan Mandarin still retain its corresponding features from Ming Dynasty.