Research On Human Nature In German Ideology

Questions about man have always been the focus of various schools of philosophy,including for Marx and Engels.Before Marx and Engels co-authored The German Ideology,Marx paid more attention to this issue.After the young Marx joined the doctoral club,he was influenced by Powell and tied the essence of human beings with self-consciousness,which was different from that at that time.The tendency of German philosophical circles to attach importance to human subjectivity is consistent.But after coming into contact with Feuerbach’s humanistic philosophy,the perceptual world of Marx’s consciousness is the foundation of self-consciousness and super-perceptual world,as well as the foundation of man.The essence of man cannot be simply attributed to self-consciousness,but should be attributed to Human sensibility exists.Under the guidance of Feuerbach,Marx began to turn his attention from the self-consciousness of the super-perceptual world to the perceptual existence of human beings.But Feuerbach’s so-called perceptual human sensibility lies in perceptual objectivity,which is passively established and a kind of obliteration of human’s active activities.So Marx,after discovering the flaws of Feuerbach’s sensibility,introduced the labor theory in Hegel’s philosophy into the understanding of human nature,and attributed human sensibility to human perceptual activities.In "Theses on Feuerbach",Marx began to thoroughly liquidate Feuerbach.At the same time,his understanding of human beings did not stop at human perceptual activities,but penetrated deep into human society,starting from the perspective of social relations.To see and understand people,but this understanding is only the outline of a blueprint.In The German Ideology,Marx and Engels began to articulate the structure of the theory of human nature as they understood it.For people,people need to continuously obtain external material data to meet their own needs for survival.This is the basis of human existence.At the same time,they deny the possibility of atomic personal existence.In their view,in order to meet the needs of survival,There must be constant exchange of material with the outside world.This kind of material exchange must rely on human perceptual activities,which are more important for human beings.It not only makes human beings a perceptual existence,but also distinguishes human beings from animals.However,the satisfaction of human needs is inseparable from human perceptual activities.Although perceptual activities,which are the characteristics of human beings,confirm that people are perceptual people,such people are still not specific enough.When people carry out perceptual activities,they are constantly connected with others.The interweaving of this connection makes people build a human world,and people exist,move,and live in such a world.People are part of human society.A member,apart from human society,it is impossible to understand real people.The social relationship formed by each individual during his activities becomes his label as a part of the society and his exclusive social imprint.Through this social connection,each individual person becomes more three-dimensional.At the same time,Marx and Engels carried out the criticism of the abstract human nature theory of the young Hegelian members based on this kind of human reality.For the criticism of the class concept represented by Feuerbach and Hess,they criticize the abstract class but not the concrete individual.Criticism of the absolute self,it is pointed out that Powell turned the real world and the people living in it into imaginary in his mind,while Stirner jumped into the right when he saw Feuerbach’s concept of class obliterating the individual.The extreme exaltation of the individual,but his so-called man is actually nothing more than an imagination of man,and it is vulnerable in the face of Marx and Engels’ personal exposition of the real history.Finally,in the social formation of the future,Hess grasped the quasi-philosophy and moved towards the community of love,while Stirner ignored the interconnected individuals in the real society and moved towards the alliance of egoists,but their understanding of people appeared.Wrong,the conception of human’s future society is only wrong and wrong.The human essence theory of Marx and Engels does not use some superhistorical concept to forcefully explain people in real life,but to explain the essence of human and human social life from the activities of real individuals and the connections established in the activities.It is this change in the path of understanding that makes the materialism of Marx and Engels truly historic and scientific.At the same time,they guide the direction of human liberation through the elaboration of human nature.The ultimate goal of the human nature theory of Marx and Engels is to realize the comprehensive and free development of human beings.Marx and Engels discovered the essence of man from the real life of man,and found that people’s history is written by themselves,and the masses are the creators of history.This has become the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China in building socialism,and it has also been reflected in socialist practice.In addition,through the elaboration of the essence theory of Marx and Engels,we realize that human beings live in a community,people are transforming the world,the world is also affecting people,and the impact we have on the world is also shared by us,no matter the results.Or the responsibility is to be enjoyed and undertaken by every member of this community.For this reason,we must establish the consciousness of the community in order to make the human society develop sustainably.