Research On Social Governance In The Multi-ethnic Region Of Lu Kui-ailao Mountain During The Qing Yongzheng Period

The Lu Kui-Ailao Mountain region is an important passage for the Qing Dynasty to control Yuanjiang and a region rich in economic resources.At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,this region gathered the remnants of the Great Western Army and Wu Sangui,forming a “protection-seeking” interest community that threatened the stability of surrounding areas,the interests of merchants along the way,and the ruling interests of the Qing Dynasty.From the Kangxi period,the Qing Dynasty had plans to reform this region,but this reform was not implemented until the early years of Yongzheng.The early years of Yongzheng stabilized this region through measures such as changing soil and returning to streams,promoting righteousness schools,preaching sacred edicts,setting up green camps,and Baojia system.The academic achievements in the study of the governance of the southwestern frontier during the Qing Dynasty,especially in the Ailao region,indicate that the research in this area has academic value.At the same time,it provides room for expansion in the study of the reasons for bureaucratization of native officers in the Ailao Mountain area and provides an academic foundation for further related research.The paper discusses around Lu Kui Mountain?s promotion of changing soil and returning to streams in Ailao Mountain region and social governance measures in this region during Qing Yongzheng period.First of all,at the end of Ming Dynasty and beginning of Qing Dynasty,this region became one of last strongholds of Southern Ming regime and became one of first regions where Qing Dynasty implemented changing soil and returning to streams.Later affected by Wu Sangui?s rebellion,from end of Kangxi period to beginning of Yongzheng period it was long-term turmoil until Yongzheng period pacified Lu Kui Mountain chaos and changed soil and returned to streams for Weiyuan state.New Puer Prefecture was established to weaken power of Tusi and make this region temporarily stable.Secondly,during Yongzheng period,Qing Dynasty re-established political system and social order in this region to maintain its rule in this region.Thirdly,during Yongzheng period,through changing soil and returning to streams,it controlled taxation right of natural resources in Lu Kui-Ailao Mountain region.Finally,during Yongzheng period,through a series of social governance measures in Lu Kui-Ailao Mountain region,it had an impact on politics,economy and culture of this region.In context where previous research emphasized relationship between social situation in Ailao Mountain region and changing soil and returning to streams,paper takes Lu Kui Mountain and Ailao Mountain as a whole to explore its inherent social-economic connection.Paper found that four surnames Fang Yang Li Pu in Xinping County used Lu Kui Mountain as base to demand protection money from passing merchants.This behavior not only increased cost for passing merchants but also hindered Qing Dynasty?s control over southwest region west of Lu Kui Mountain.Therefore Qing Dynasty decided to ban protection-seeking.In process of banning protection-seeking some protection-seeking personnel fled southwest along Yangwu Dam to Yuanjiang Valley into Weiyuan state.In order to completely ban protection-seeking phenomenon Qing Dynasty promoted changing soil and returning to streams for Weiyuan Tuzhou.Gao Qizhuo Yin Jishan etc provided effective measures for solving problem of chaos in Lu Kui-Ailao Mountain also provided effective measures for social governance in Lu Kui-Ailao Mountain region during Yongzheng period.