Research On Paraphrase Discourse Markers “X 说”

This paper takes the paraphrased discourse markers "X 说" as the object of study,and systematically analyses the paraphrased discourse markers "X 说 " from the perspective of the category,exploring the commonalities in its characteristic expressions,pragmatic functions,grammaticaliation processes and mechanisms,as well as comparing the differences between its typical members in various aspects.The paper is divided into five parts.The first chapter is an introduction,which explains the reason for choosing the topic,the significance of the study,the object of the study,the current status of the study,the research method and the sources of the corpus.The second chapter defines the nature of the paraphrase discourse markers"X说"and analyses its characteristics.Firstly,the definition of paraphrase discourse markers is clarified on the basis of the previous analysis of discourse marker features.Then,the components of the paraphrase discourse markers"X说"are analyzed.The typical members of the paraphrase discourse markers"X说","话说","据说"and"听说",are selected and their use at the level of the modern Chinese copula is examined,and their discourse marker usage is specifically distinguished from other usage.Finally,the phonological,syntactic,semantic and morphological features of the paraphrased discourse markers"X说"are explored,and their phonological features are visualized and analyzed using Praat speech software,while the relationship between their syntactic position and information reliability is examined.The third chapter examines the discourse functions of the paraphrased discourse markers"X说"from discourse and interpersonal perspectives.The discourse functions include topic marking,discourse wheel marking and pause filling.The interpersonal functions include messaging,cueing,foregrounding,disclaiming,face-saving,subjective evaluation,requesting advice,introducing external perspectives,explaining and complementing,and virtual exaggeration.In this chapter,differences in the typical members of the paraphrase discourse markers"X说"are also analyzed.Firstly,the frequency of occurrence is used as a criterion to rank the strengths and weaknesses of the explanatory and complementary functions of"话说","据说"and"听说".Secondly,we examine the specific pragmatic functions and causes of the typical members of"话说","据说"and"听说".Finally,we explore the differences in the transfer functions of"话说","据说"and"听说",and derive their gradients of transferability.The frequencies and percentages of"话说","据说"and"听说"in the three domains of literature,press and microblogs in the BCC corpus are examined.The statistical results are then used to demonstrate the proposed transmission gradient sequence.The fourth chapter examines the grammaticalisation process and the formation mechanism of the paraphrase discourse markers"X说"at a temporal level.Firstly,the grammaticalisation processes of"话说","据说"and"听说"are studied separately to extract and summarize the category features of the evolution of paraphrase markers.The paraphrased discourse markers"X说"go through a phase of real phrases and eventually evolve into discourse markers.Semantically,their follows the development process of"verbal sense-cognitive sense-chapter sense".Then,the common features of the formation mechanism of the paraphrase discourse markers"X说"are analyzed in three aspects:metaphorical mechanism,reanalysis and subjectivization.The fifth chapter is the concluding remarks.It summarizes the conclusions of the paper and explains the innovations and shortcomings of the paper.