Research On The Mechanism And Process Of The Formation Of Private Ownership

Private ownership is an important category of Marxist political economy theory,and the origin of private ownership is also an important content of historical materialism.Before Engels completed the book "The Origins of the Family,Private Ownership,and the State,"Marx and Engels discussed the origin of private ownership in their book "German Ideology.However,due to the lack of historical and archaeological data during the ancient social period at that time,the relevant discussions on the division of labor leading to the emergence of private ownership in this book are mostly conclusions,and there is a lack of detailed explanation of the mechanisms and processes involved.In the book "The Origins of the Family,Private Ownership,and the State",although the clues to the origin of private ownership are not as clear or even obscure as the forms of the family and the state,through deep excavation and sorting of the information,the mechanism and process of private ownership formation are clearly presented.Marx and Engels regarded division of labor and private ownership as the same expression,which means that in order to correctly understand the origin and formation of private ownership,it is first necessary to accurately understand and grasp division of labor.Division of labor is a holistic category,and even though Engels provided a lengthy and detailed introduction to the three major social divisions of labor in "The Origin of Family,Private Ownership,and the State," it cannot be taken for granted as the division of labor that generated private ownership.From the perspective of specific labor processes,division of labor means the differentiation and connection within the labor aggregation.It is through this inherent attribute that division of labor extends outward,resulting in private ownership.Division of labor and private ownership are synonymous,indicating that they coexist and develop simultaneously.Therefore,the origin of private ownership should be examined in the initial form of division of labor-natural division of labor,rather than social division of labor.By comparing it with primitive public ownership,we have made it clear that the fundamental characteristic of private ownership is the existence of you and I are different’ in terms of property ownership among members of society.The phenomenon of private possession or the emergence of private wealth is only one of the forms of realizing the essential characteristics of private ownership,and it is a product of the development of private ownership to a certain stage.The long-term and relatively stable labor differences between workers brought about by natural division of labor are obvious,so tribe members have a desire to match the labor income with the labor effort,that is,"distribution according to work".The direct consequence of distribution according to work is to create differences in property ownership,which is different from and opposite to the essential requirements of primitive public ownership.This indicates that the original public ownership at this time has already developed cracks,and new ownership components have sprouted within it.The embryonic stage of private ownership is presented through human consciousness activities,but it will not remain in this stage.It will further develop with the further development of division of labor and the satisfaction of other conditions.The development of division of labor from natural division of labor to social division of labor is the direct driving force for the further development of private ownership.The emergence of individual families provides the necessary organizational foundation for the formation of private ownership,while the emergence of individual exchanges expands private ownership.The private ownership in the embryonic stage is presented through human consciousness activities.If you or I have other consciousness in terms of property ownership,it will be further concretized as "private possession consciousness" and realized as private possession or private property if conditions permit.The further development of social division of labor continues to promote the continuous expansion of private ownership throughout society,ultimately leading to the development of private property as the basic economic system of society and the establishment of private ownership.From a macro perspective,the entire process is achieved through the reduction of socio-economic units,while from a micro perspective,it is achieved through the development of individual labor.