Research On The Restriction Mechanism Of Supervisory Power In Song Dynasty

Restriction and supervision of power is an eternal political theme.With the deepening of the reform of the supervisory system and the improvement of the national supervisory system,the supervisory power plays an increasingly important role in national governance.In order to ensure the sound operation of the supervisory power,it is necessary to strengthen the research on the restriction mechanism of the supervisory power.The history of supervision system has a splendid history in the long river of ancient China.As a transitional period in the history of supervision system,the Song Dynasty inherited the Sui and Tang Dynasties and enlightened the Qing Dynasty.It took the essence of Sui and Tang Dynasties and made innovations in the construction of supervision system,forming a set of criss-crossing and strict supervision system,such as the integration of central admonition and refutation system,the local supervision department and the general supervision system.What’s more,under the complicated interweaving of various politics,economy,ideology and culture unique to Song Dynasty,Song Dynasty created a set of all-round and multi-level institutionalized and legalized restriction mechanism for supervisory power from the central to the local,behind which there is a profound legal principle of separation of powers and checks and balances.This paper is divided into three parts:introduction,text and conclusion,which are progressive.The introduction systematically combs the research status and background at home and abroad,and points out its theoretical and practical significance.Theoretically,it pioneered the theory of the restriction mechanism of supervisory power in Song Dynasty,and laid the foundation for the restriction mechanism of supervisory power in Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times.In reality,it promotes the scientific operation of supervisory power,and the country develops steadily.In the main part,first of all,this paper introduces the historical evolution and background of the formation of the restriction mechanism of supervisory power in Song Dynasty,the theoretical basis of the thought of checks and balances and authoritarian power behind it,and the institutional basis of the central and local vertical supervisory system,with the aim of tracing back to the source to explore the formation basis of the restriction mechanism of supervisory power initiated in Song Dynasty.Next,this paper focuses on the core of supervisory power and the operation of supervisory behavior,and interprets the concrete construction of the restriction mechanism of supervisory power in Song Dynasty in detail:First,the appointment of supervisory power in Song Dynasty was further institutionalized,which stipulated stricter selection criteria,selection procedures,withdrawal rules,examination standards,illegal punishment,more favorable promotion conditions and job security.Secondly,the norms of supervisory behavior in Song Dynasty were more comprehensive and clear,and various forms of legal norms were formulated from the central government to the local government to provide the basis and constraints for supervisors’ supervisory behavior.The most important thing was that it formulated the Law of Mutual Supervision of Supervisors and Supervisors,a special law that restricted supervisors,to strengthen the mandatory norms of supervision and restriction.Thirdly,in the specific operation process of supervisory power,the Song Dynasty formed a crisscross internal and external supervision and restriction system which restricted the central supervisory power and local supervisory power.The external emperor and other administrative organs supervise the supervisory organs,while the internal organs and personnel at the higher level or at the same level supervise each other.It can be said that the internal and external aspects are the same,and the supervisory power is completely framed in autocratic centralization.In fact,the restriction mechanism of the supervisory power in the Song Dynasty did play an indispensable role in the long-term stability of the Song Dynasty.On the one hand,it framed the supervisory power under the institutional framework to improve the integrity and effectiveness of the supervisory power;On the other hand,its operation made more authentic and reliable information transmitted to the rulers,thus enhancing the scientific rationality and effectiveness of feudal decision-making.However,we can’t ignore its limitations of the times.The essential attribute of the autocracy of the Song Dynasty made it impossible to jump out of the limited circle of "rule by man",and the implementation of the separation of powers and checks and balances was finally implemented by "governing officials by officials".The highest controller of the whole mechanism was the ruler,and the operation of the system also relied more on the character support of the selected supervisors.It was based on this mechanism that the operation was intermittent and caused the disadvantages of redundant officials and expenses,and its persistence and execution were extremely poor,which finally failed to play its due role.The whole Song Dynasty To sum up,the restriction mechanism of supervisory power in Song Dynasty had both advantages and disadvantages,which provided us with reference and warning.The construction of the supervision and restriction mechanism of modern supervisory power is in a critical period of continuous improvement.We should take its essence and discard its dross in combination with the actual situation of our country.In the process of further improving the mechanism,we should strengthen the institutionalization of the appointment of inspectors,ensure the independence of supervisory power,deepen the internal and external linkage supervision mechanism,and improve the legal norms and supporting systems of supervision and restriction.The conclusion is the final summary of the paper.