| Studying the labor supply of women can provide a basis for measuring the social status of women in China.Women’s participation in social labor can improve the population structure of China’s labor market.Women can pursue self-development and economic independence.Mining female labor at the right age can also improve the labor shortage caused by the aging population in China.The labor market is facing the transformation of China’s economic system,the rapid development of information in the Internet era,and the constant adjustment of the industrial structure.These signals have new requirements for workers,especially for rural women of appropriate age who play more family roles in the dual roles of market and family,which is both an opportunity and a challenge.Therefore,it is necessary to make a detailed study on the impact mechanism of rural women’s labor supply based on gender differences and regional differences,both theoretically and practically.After sorting out relevant researches and theories at home and abroad,it is found that the labor supply theory has gradually deepened from the market theory to the family theory.On this basis,the feminist theory has been introduced to strengthen the concept of gender equality.This research started relatively late in my country,but it is more in line with the actual situation in China.Chinese scholars pay more attention to the impact of policies in macro economy,such as personal income tax,endowment insurance and other major economic policies on women’s labor supply,and pay more attention to the impact of real estate in family assets structure with more Chinese characteristics on labor supply in micro economy.This paper redefines the concepts of "rural","family assets" and "family asset structure".According to the basic theory of economics,this paper attempts to systematically explain the problem of women’s labor supply from the external phenomenon to the internal essence,from the macro development trend to the micro behavior decision-making,from the motivation of labor supply to the results.Using China’s macro data and China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)micro data,we first introduced gender differences,and found that human resource factors such as education and age have a greater impact on women’s labor supply than men.Then we introduced household assets,and found that land assets and housing assets account for the majority in rural areas.Next,we should focus on them in empirical analysis.In the empirical study,based on the original data of CHFS 2019,the indicators of rural household asset structure were constructed.Using the Logit model,the impact of total rural household assets and various sub assets on women’s labor supply was first analyzed;Secondly,it analyzes whether rural household assets have an impact on women’s non-agricultural labor supply;The last part is the heterogeneity analysis,which divides China into the eastern,central and western regions to observe which regions rural family assets have a greater impact on the labor supply of rural women in China,and also classifies women by age to observe which part of rural women’s age are more affected by rural family assets.The following main conclusions are drawn through empirical analysis.First,the more total assets of rural households,the greater the probability of women’s participation in labor and the greater the probability of participating in the supply of non-agricultural labor.However,the labor supply of rural women in eastern rural areas and the 50-65 age group is less affected by the total assets of the family.Second,agricultural assets and land assets have the greatest impact on rural women’s labor supply among rural household assets,but the labor supply of rural women aged 17-30 is almost unaffected by these two assets.Third,the age and health of human capital have the greatest impact on rural women’s labor supply.Fourth,income,consumption and women’s labor supply interact.Low household consumption can promote women’s work and increase family income.High wage income will in turn promote women’s work to improve family consumption.Based on the above conclusions,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.First,develop modern agriculture,improve the level of rural mechanization,release more female labor force to cities,and improve the quality of female employment.Second,develop the rural private economy,promote women’s diversified employment and gradually complete the guidance system of the rural private economy,and encourage rural women to start businesses and increase their income.Third,improve the popularization of rural finance,promote the transfer of female labor force,let rural finance play a leading role,improve the rural economic development environment,drive the development of surrounding economies,form and extend the agricultural industry chain,increase employment,and promote the employment of female labor force.Fourth,improve women’s education level,increase their own human capital,encourage women in rural areas to accept higher education,increase subsidies for higher education,increase the number of student grants,strictly review the distribution mechanism of student grants,so that the student grants are given to people who really need them,rather than just exist in name. |
