| Ecological protection areas are an important barrier for national ecological security and an important foundation for promoting coordinated regional development.The protection and construction planning of protected areas should consider the spatial coordination of population mobility,resource environment,and economic layout.In order to further achieve the goal of ecological civilization construction,it is necessary to strengthen the research on population migration issues in the protected areas and the impact of population migration on the economic situation of farmers.This is of great significance for maintaining the sustainable development of farmers’ livelihoods in the ecological protected areas and orderly guiding farmers to move out of the area.This study takes Mount Huangshan City and Lu’an City as the study area,and studies rural population migration from the perspective of sustainable livelihood.Based on the data obtained from the farmers’ questionnaire survey,this study uses a hierarchical linear model to explore the impact of farmers’ livelihood capital on their migration under the background of restricted development policies,and then uses the propensity score matching method to study the mechanism of farmers’ migration on their income changes.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Based on the characteristics of farmers in the protected area,a livelihood capital indicator system for farmers in the protected area is constructed to explore the impact of individual farmers and village group factors on farmers’ outward migration.From the micro perspective of farmers and the perspective of geographical spatial differences,the empirical results of the hierarchical linear model indicate that farmers’ outward migration is not only affected by the livelihood capital of farmers at the individual level,but also affected by factors such as geographical location characteristics,socio-economic characteristics,and basic implementation characteristics at the village level.Moreover,the village group level has both a direct impact on farmers’ outward migration and an indirect adjustment effect on it.(2)From the perspective of the policy background of protected areas,since the implementation of relevant policies,farmers’ livelihoods have improved and their income has increased.Using propensity score matching to explore the correlation between rural population migration and income levels in the study area.The results of the PSM model show that the rural population migration in the survey area does have an income effect on the non agricultural income and total household income of farmers.This indicates that rural household migration has a significant positive effect on farmers’ non agricultural income and total household income,increasing by 2.259 times and 1.254 times,respectively.Compared with the average processing effect obtained by the propensity score matching model,the general descriptive statistical method significantly underestimated the positive impact of rural household migration on agricultural income and overestimated total household income,which were underestimated by 19.8% and overestimated by 46.1%,respectively.After testing and analyzing the matching method using radius matching method and kernel matching method,it was also found that the estimation results of the two methods have a high consistency,indicating the stability and accuracy of the research conclusions.Based on the above research and analysis,this study proposes four policy recommendations for promoting the sustainable livelihood development of farmers in the Reserve: promoting the implementation of the "people-land linkage" policy,cultivating social capital,formulating and improving population migration plans,and guiding farmers to adopt multiple employment methods.The recommendations aim to promote the orderly flow of farmers and promote the coordinated development of regional population,ecological environment protection,and socio-economic development in the Reserve. |
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