A Study Of View Of The State In Marx’s On The Jewish Question

On the Jewish Question as a turning point in the course of Marx’s thought,has the theoretical status of a connecting link.Based on the dual framework of state and civil society,Marx revealed the essence of political state by thinking about the Jewish problem,thus opening the criticism of the realistic civil society based on political economy,completing the transformation from state to civil society,and moving towards the philosophical journey of creating a new ideological system independently.The clear distinction between political liberation and human liberation in On the Jewish Question marks a qualitative leap in Marx’s view of the state.Firstly,in the historical genealogy to explore the origin,Marx’s view of the state on the basis of absorbing the nutrition of ancient and modern Western thought,through the critical inheritance of Hegel’s rational view of the state,to achieve the transition from Hegelism to Marxism;in this transitional period,under the dual influence of social practice experience and Feuerbach’s rational thinking of inversion of law,Marx pointed out that family and civil society are the foundation of the state,thus opening the return from the state to civil society.Secondly,tracing back to the relationship between the state and civil society,Marx took the theme of civil society decides political state in Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law as the main line,deepened it in Yearbook of Germany and France,clearly pointed out the relationship between division and unity,and then in German Ideology.Then it reveals that the political state(universality)and the civil society(particularity)are unified in the free people’s union.Finally,On the Jewish Question clarified the essence of the political state,because the main body of the political state(citizens)is abstract,then the universality embodied in the state is also abstract,therefore,Marx put the German Jews into the civil society to investigate,and then insight into the end-result of the state: it will eventually lead to self-disintegration due to the rule of secular Jewish spirit.To sum up,in terms of theory,history and reality,the sublimation of the concept of state in On the Jewish Question.On the one hand,it reflects Marx’s concern for reality,opens up a starting point for the study of political economy from the investigation of civil society,and constitutes the theoretical basis for the formation of the state view of historical materialism;on the other hand,the theory of human liberation dispels the dual structure of the state and civil society,and finally points to the free people’s union.From the perspective of realistic context,Marx’s emancipation thought guides the historical development of mankind and has profound guiding significance for deepening the practical practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.