From The Nation To Civil Society:Research On Marx’s Critique Of Philosophy Of Right

"Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right" period is from March1843to February1844, which is a very important period of the development of young Marx’s thought. During this period, Marx writes "Criticism on Hegel’s philosophy of right","On the Jewish Questions" and the ’"Critique of Hegel’s law philosophy’ introduction". The works present to us the ideological struggle between young Marx and Hegel’s philosophy of right, between young Marx and the young Hegelians, which is the transformation for the first time of the young Marx philosophy thought. This paper focuses on three works in Marx’s "Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right" period, and the reality, histotry of Europe, especially Germany. Studying Marx’s Critique of Philosophy of Right following the generated logic of Marx’s new world outlook, in order to clarify how Marx move towards the critique of political economy from the critique of philosophy of right, and finally achieve the philosophical revolution.On Marx’s critique of philosophy of right, this paper mainly studies several problems:(1) Why did Marx move towards critique of philosophy of right? In other words, what problems encountered in Marx’s thoughts?(2) Why "nation" cannot overcome the opposition of material interest in the civil society?(3) In what sense Marx is Marx, instead of Hegel and Feuerbach’s followers?(4) Why did Marx move towards the critique of political economy from the critique of philosophy of right?Based on these considerations, this article first explicates the predicament of Marx’s thought at that time, that is "met the difficulty for the first time to comment on the so-called material benefits ". In Marx’s opinion, to solve the problem of the material benefits, cannot just criticize religion and political situation in the religion just like young Hegelians, but should be "more to critique of religion in the critique of the political situation". Especially after researching of Law of wood theft and the living conditions of wine farmer in Mozell, Marx strongly felt that he must critic his thoughts. He realized that his understanding about the relation of the state and society inherited from Hegel’s is problematic, which is helpless to overcome the opposition of the material interest in the civil society.In this way, Marx’s critique of Hegel’s philosophy of law, constitutes the first step of Marx’s self-criticism, and is the liquidation of Hegel’s philosophy systematically for the first time. How to critique of Hegel’s philosophy of right? What is Marx’s weapons and clues to critique of Hegel’s philosophy of right? Marx found the method of critique of Hegel’s philosophy from Feuerbach. Marx find the clues to the critique Hegel’s philosophy from Feuerbach’s subject-predicate reverse method and humanistic logic.During criticizing Hegel’s philosophy of right, Marx consider the question that," how civil society develop into political state in Hegel’s thought, and in which point Hegel’s description methods made a mistake". Hegel discoveres the separation between the state and civil society as a contradiction, and he thinks that the separation will eventually be sublated by general will of nation. Hegel advocates overcoming the civil society by the power of the state and bureaucracy. But in Marx’s opinion, the opposition of material interest in the civil society has made the country lost the authority. Relying on a perceptual activities within the civil society is the way to overcome the civil society, to restore the human nature,.Human liberation is the ideal and pursuit of Marx’s critique of philosophy of right. Through the research about the relation between state and civil society in "Criticism on Hegel’s philosophy of right", Marx probes into the problems of political liberation to human liberation in "On the Jewish Questions" and the ’"critique of Hegel’s law philosophy’ introduction" the essence of the critique of the political liberation and limitations. Marx proposes the mind of liberation,"make the human world and people’s relationship to regress to the human beings themselves", and reveals the liberators of the future society, the proletariat, creatively."Civil society" is the core of Marx’s critique of philosophy of right, and it undoubtedly becomes the important starting point of the young Marx seeking self breakthrough. It is in critique of philosophy of right, Marx reveals the "civil society" and its secret. To a certain extent, Marx is still not fully get rid of the logic of Hegel’s philosophy of right. Still, Marx obtains a inspired methodology through the critique of philosophy of right, which helps him start to critique the political economy.