Rural Micro-Autonomy:Theory,Practice And Reflection

Since the concept of "villager autonomy" was first proposed for in the amendment of the Constitution in the 1980 s,the development of grass-roots mass autonomy organizations became better and better.However,there are still problems in the rural grass-roots governance,whether it is pressure from grass-roots government,or demand from villagers and residents,or the differentiation and antagonism of autonomous organization itself,both make villagers’ and residents’ autonomy organizations unable to play their due "autonomy" function,but once fell into the predicament of governance.On the basis of in-depth reflection on grass-roots autonomy,various parts of our country have gradually explored a form of "small and micro" governance in practice,that is,the center of gravity of autonomy is sinking from administrative villages and communities to a smaller units,which are characterized by "small units "," micro affairs "," refinement" and so on,trying to bridge the original dilemma of grass-roots autonomy through this way.With the continuous expansion of practice,the state also began to attach importance to the innovation of grass-roots governance,and issuance of relevant documents,advocating the pilot practice of "villagers’ group" or "natural village" as the basic unit of villagers’ self-governance in regions where conditions permit.Taking rural micro-autonomy as the research object,this paper introduces three practical cases of micro-autonomy in Suzhou on the basis of systematic analysis of the meaning of micro-autonomy.By comparing the theory and practice of micro-autonomy,this paper analyzes the matching degree between theory and practice--where they fit,how much they are different,and why they are different--and tries to conduct two-way verification between theory and practice.From the perspective of the meaning of micro autonomy,"micro" refers to the small scale of autonomy,the minor plot of object,elaborate governance means."Self" refers to the autonomy will,autonomy right and autonomy ability of the autonomous subject.And "governance" refers to the means used in the governance process,including direct participation & people-oriented orientation,party building guidance&self-organization consultation,interest-related&social capital.Taking practice as a comparison,micro-autonomy is compared with "self-government","micro-governance" and "villager autonomy" respectively,so as to test whether it conforms to the theoretical meaning of "micro","self" and "governance".In the process of analysis,it is found that micro-autonomy has the advantages,including low cost due to micro-units,productivity driven by autonomy and high yield resulting from treatment.This not only realizes the innovation of related activity fields,but also promotes the transformation and upgrading of the "spontaneous-conscious" consciousness of the masses,and verifies the coupling relationship between micro-autonomy and public crisis in the field of rural governance.However,there are still some problems in practice,such as that the rights of the subject of micro-autonomy have not been standardized,the object of governance is vague,and the integration of rule of law and rule of virtue is lacking in the micro-autonomy.Therefore,this paper starts from the three levels of regulation,organization and system,discusses how to regulate micro-rights with the legitimacy theory,analyzes how to define micro-units with the contingency theory,and studies how to create micro-environment with the integration theory of three governance.Through the discussion of the three,the current and future development of rural micro-autonomy in China is reflected.