Research On International Legal Issues Of Safe Operation Of Civil Nuclear Energy

In today’s world,nuclear energy is a very important source of energy,and the safe operation of civil nuclear energy is also an important international legal issue.This paper focuses on the international legal aspects of the safe operation of civil nuclear energy from the perspectives of nuclear safety regulation,nuclear accident emergency response and nuclear waste regulation.Firstly,it introduces the concepts of nuclear energy,nuclear safety,civil nuclear safety and safe operation.Secondly,it introduces the current status of international conventions related to nuclear accident emergency response,nuclear waste disposal,transfer and nuclear damage liability.Again,the current status of the civil nuclear safety legal regimes of typical countries,the United States,Japan,the United Kingdom and South Korea,is introduced.It then analyses the shortcomings of the existing international conventions on civil nuclear safety: the lack of mandatory and universal content,the limitations of IAEA supervision,insufficient public participation,insufficient regulation of nuclear waste,obstacles to information reporting and international exchange,and insufficient international cooperation.The following suggestions were made to improve the Convention: strengthen the compulsory and universal nature of the Convention,strengthen the supervision of the IAEA,enhance public participation,nuclear waste supervision,information exchange between countries and international cooperation.Finally,suggestions are made for China’s legal system for the safe operation of civil nuclear energy: improve the legal system for nuclear safety,optimise the legal regulatory system for civil nuclear energy,improve the legal mechanism for nuclear waste disposal,and further strengthen information disclosure and public participation.There are five main parts to the text of this document:The first section is "Overview of International Law on Civil Nuclear Safety Operations",which introduces the basic concepts of nuclear safety operations:nuclear energy,nuclear safety,civil nuclear safety,and safety operations.The second part,"Current status of the international legal regime for the safe operation of civil nuclear energy",introduces the international conventions related to civil nuclear energy,i.e.the existing international conventions related to the application of civil nuclear energy safety management.The third part is "Current Status of Civil Nuclear Safety Legal Regimes in Typical Countries",which introduces the civil nuclear safety legal regimes in the United States,Japan,the United Kingdom,and South Korea.The fourth part is "Problems and Improvements of International Legal Regimes for Civilian Nuclear Safety Operations",which presents problems and suggestions for solutions based on comparing several international conventions related to civil nuclear energy.The fifth part is "Suggestions for improving the legal system for the safe operation of civil nuclear energy in China",which analyzes what can be learned from China’s civil nuclear energy safety operation legal system based on the civil nuclear energy safety legal system of developed countries.