The Impact Of Rising Global Value Chain Status On Urban Labor Productivity

With the in-depth development of economic globalization,China’s manufacturing industry participates in the division of labor in the global value chain with the advantages of low labor cost,rich natural resources and other primary factors.However,with the rise of factor cost,blindly paying attention to the scale of commodity import and export can no longer support the transformation requirements of economy and society from extensive growth to intensive growth,Upgrading along the global value chain has become an inevitable choice for urban and regional development.The report of the 19 th CPC National Congress also pointed out that we should deepen the supply side structural reform,promote China’s manufacturing industry to move towards the middle and high-end of the global value chain,and further improve the core competitiveness of domestic products.So for China’s urban economy,what is the situation of enterprises rising along the global value chain? How much impact does it have on the improvement of urban labor productivity? The answers to these questions play an important role in promoting China’s trade transformation and high-quality development of urban economy.In terms of index selection,the relative upstream index of 226 cities in China is calculated with reference to the method of Wang et al as the measurement index of global value chain status.Firstly,with the help of China’s 2012 MRIO table in China’s carbon accounting database(CEADs),the upstream degree index of non equidistant industries is calculated by using the method of Zhou Hua and others;Then,based on the consolidated data of China Customs industrial and enterprise database from 2007 to 2013,taking the import and export share of each product of each city as the weight,the upstream degree of unequal spacing import and unequal spacing export of 226 cities in China from 2007 to 2013 are calculated,and finally the global value chain status index is calculated.The study found that during 2007-2013,the added value of the industrial upstream degree of China’s labor-intensive industries was high,but showed a downward trend;The added value of the upstream degree of technology intensive industries is low,but it shows an upward trend;The relative upstream index of most cities is lower than 1,and the relative upstream index of cities participating in the export of production driven commodity chain(T1 chain)increases.Among them,the upstream degree of urban average non equidistant export shows an upward trend,and the upstream degree of average non equidistant import tends to be stable;The relative upstream index of cities participating in the export of purchase driven commodity chain(T2 chain)in China decreased,among which the upstream degree of urban average non equidistant export and average non equidistant import showed a downward trend.On the basis of combing the research hypothesis that the rising status of the global value chain at the import and export levels affects urban labor productivity,the research hypothesis is verified by samples using the panel data of 226 cities in China.The empirical results show that from 2007 to 2013,China’s cities that have achieved chain upgrading can improve urban labor productivity through the rise of global value chain status of process upgrading and product upgrading,but cities that have not achieved chain upgrading can improve urban labor productivity through process upgrading and product upgrading at the beginning,but if they do not carry out transformation and upgrading,Continuing to climb through process upgrading and product upgrading will inhibit urban productivity,and the reasons for this result are tested from the perspective of import and export to further verify the research hypothesis of this paper.According to the research of this paper,in the future social and economic life,the government should pay attention to the independent innovation ability of export enterprises,encourage enterprises to face the competition,increase the investment of excellent talents,and establish a mechanism for domestic enterprises to jointly train excellent talents with domestic and foreign universities and scientific research centers;Find out the resource endowment,advantageous industries and vulnerable industries in the region,and give corresponding protective and preferential policies to vulnerable industries;Actively guide the rational flow of imported high-quality resources,guide enterprises to strengthen the digestion,absorption and innovation ability of overseas cutting-edge technologies,and encourage enterprises to independently produce some or all intermediate products after improving the production process level to realize chain upgrading;Actively guide enterprises to retain high value-added production links at home,outsource low value-added production links,and give full play to local comparative advantages.On the one hand,it will produce agglomeration effect,on the other hand,it will save factor investment and use it in marketing links such as brand sales or supporting producer services.