Whose Feminism?Which Rationality?

Feminism in modern times has manifested itself as a demand for women’s rights,emancipation,and resistance to patriarchal oppression.It originated in the liberalism of the 19th century,developed into the radicalism of the 20th century,was influenced by the workers’ movement and socialist ideology,and gradually developed into a cross-class ideology.In the 1830s and 1840s,with the rise of the bourgeois revolutions in Britain and France and the refinement of women’s power and status,this gender struggle continues to this day.Today,with the widespread influence of feminism on the world,feminist organizations and movements have become an important issue in real life.Both the theory and practice of feminism were established after it was introduced to China from the West in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican period.From the Xinhai Revolution to the New China period,Chinese feminism flourished and women became increasingly aware of their autonomy and independence,actively striving for freedom,equality and rights in pursuit of personal values,and dedicated to promoting women’s freedom and liberation.As the Internet has entered millions of households,feminism has become a constant talking point in online circles.Since 2010,a new round of feminist discussion has emerged in cyberspace,and the term "Chinese Pastoral Feminism" has emerged,quickly spreading across the Internet and sparking many controversies.First of all,in gender relations,Chinese Pastoral Feminism rights advocate for more bride price and challenge the traditional right to bear a family name.Second,in terms of preferential social policies for women,Chinese Pastoral Feminism emphasizes women’s unilateral enjoyment of rights,especially in terms of material benefits,and refuses to assume the corresponding responsibilities.They misunderstood the relationship between rights and obligations,and essentially preached the primacy of women’s interests.Then,in terms of gender concepts,Chinese Pastoral Feminism advocates the antagonism between men and women,propagates the theory of male victimization with double standards,is extremely hateful to men,and goes to the extreme of identity politics.Chinese Pastoral Feminism often compares its hostile male perspective to Western radical feminist theory,but in fact the latter centers on the struggle for women’s independence,not the material interests that field feminism demands.Chinese Pastoral Feminism understands her anti-marriage ideology as a combination of Marx and socialist feminism,when in fact Marxism provides a critique of the capitalist institution of marriage.The pursuit of women’s rights over men’s rights,rather than the equality of men and women,rather than the masculinity of women’s rights,is the essential difference between Chinese Pastoral Feminism and radical feminism and Marxist feminism.In reality,the formation and development of Chinese Pastoral Feminism is inextricably linked to mass media,consumerism and gender bias,which inevitably causes the stigmatization of women and intensifies the confrontation between men and women.Although Chinese Pastoral Feminism has to some extent influenced the struggle for women’s rights and interests,its radical and extreme stance and ideological tendencies have been widely questioned and criticized.Therefore,when exploring the development and application of feminism,it is necessary to clarify the theoretical characteristics and historical origins of various feminisms,view the issue of women’s rights and emancipation rationally,avoid overly radical and extremist ideological tendencies,and promote the realization of gender equality and social progress.