Text Analysis And Research On The Basic Features Of NOS(Nature Of Science)in The History Of Science In Senior Middle School Biology Textbooks

The nature of science is the core value of science education.The history of science is a good carrier for understanding the nature of science,and the history of science in the textbook provides an important support for the organization of teaching activities.Excavating the nature of science in the text of the history of science in textbooks has a good guiding role for teachers’ teaching.By consulting many papers,sorting out the connotation and basic features of the nature of science,concluding from the description of different aspects of " the nature of science",the nature of science in middle school biology is divided into four dimensions: basic nature,basic paradigm,basic function,and human influence factors.This research summarizes the nature and specific performance of science that can be used in middle school education,and conducts a text analysis of 24 scientific historiy stories in these two textbooks: General Senior Middle School Biology Textbook 1 and General Senior Middle School Biology Textbook 2.The questionnaire was used to investigate the degrees of recognition of middle school teachers of the history of science in the textbooks.Here are the specific research results and conclusions:(1)Through combing the domestic and foreign literature on the connotation and basic features of the nature of science,the nature of science in middle school biology are divided into four dimensions: basic nature,basic paradigm,basic function,and humanistic influencing factors.The basic nature includes variability,limitation,verifiability,and durability;the basic paradigm includes hypothesis-based paradigm,evidence-based paradigm,scientific thinking methods,theories and laws;The basic functions include interpretation function and prediction function;humanistic factors include subjective factors,social and cultural factors,and exchanges and cooperation.In all,there are 13 basic features of the nature of science.(2)According to the specific connotation of the basic features of the nature of science,by analyzing the compulsory biology textbooks of senior middle schools,it is found that the text of the history of science in the textbooks focuses on reflecting the basic nature and basic paradigm of science.The basic features of the nature of science "based on evidence" and "variability" have the highest frequency of statistics.The basic features of "verifiability" and scientific "hypothesis-based" are also often seen.The frequency of manifestation of the basic features of the nature of science in the texts of the history of science 2 is greater than or equal to 1.The eight basic features of the nature of science required by the General Senior Middle School Biology Curriculum Standards(2017 Edition)in China are all reflected in the textbooks on the history of science.The textbooks focuse on the "variability" in the basic nature and the "evidence-based" in the basic paradigm.The "limitations","based on hypothesis" and "predictive function" are not required in the curriculum standard,but they are well reflected in the textbook.Whilethe the curriculum standard proposes to understand the nature of science of "theories and laws are not the same",which is not clearly reflected in the textbook of the history of science.(3)By compiling a questionnaire and surveying 228 middle school teachers,the results show that middle school teachers “partly agree” with these basic features of the nature of science in the textbooks.Teachers who have only taught senior middle school have a significantly higher degree of recognition of the nature of science than teachers who have only taught junior middle schools.About the degree of recognition of the nature of science of "humanistic influencing factors",the teachers of key middle schools are slightly higher than those of ordinary middle schools;teachers who have only taught in senior middle school are significantly higher than those who have taught in both junior and senior middle schools.The survey results show that there is no significant difference in the degree of recognition of the nature of science embodied in the texts of the history of science among teachers of different disciplines,different teachers’ majors,different educational backgrounds,different teaching areas,and different teaching ages.Therefore,the analysis results of this study can be used in middle school teaching.According to the results of the research,it is concluded that middle school teachers should pay attention to the following points in the education of the nature of science:(1)Clarify the basic features of the nature of science applicable to middle school education and strengthen the understanding of the nature of science.(2)Analyze the nature of science in the text of the history of science in the textbook,and make full use of the textbooks.(3)Pay attention to the basic features of the nature of science embodied in the text about the history of science in textbooks,and make appropriate supplements and improvements.