The Impact Of Workload On Primary School Teachers Working Time Pressure

Working time pressure refers to the experience that individual does not have enough time to complete work tasks.It is often associated with heavy work demands and can have a negative impact on individual’s physical and mental health.Although the predecessors used experimental methods to start tasks that affect time pressure,such as salary and power,the influencing factors of working time pressure were understood.However,working time pressure is affected by job characteristics,working time pressure of primary school teachers may be different from the short working time pressure at the start of the experiment.Therefore,the study intends to explore the influencing factors of primary school teachers’ working time pressure and its relationship mechanism,and three studies are carried out.Research on the current situation of primary school teachers’ working time pressure and its influencing factors in study 1.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 112 primary school teachers in Qianxinan Prefecture using the Working Time Stress Scale,and 30 primary school teachers with high working hours pressure were screened out from the 112 primary school teachers surveyed for semi-structured interviews.The results showed that:(1)The sample of this survey showed that primary school teachers’ working time pressure is above average.(2)The interview analysis found that workload,work resources and work engagement are all important factors affecting the working time pressure of primary school teachers.Exploring the relation of workload and working time pressure of primary school teachers: moderated mediating effect in study 2.In this study,the number of 682 primary school teachers in Qianxinan Prefecture were surveyed,using the Working Time Pressure Scale,the Task Load Index Scale,Work Resource Questionnaire and Chinese UWES Scale.The results showed that:(1)Primary school teachers have greater working time pressure,heavy workload,medium work resources,and high level of work engagement.(2)There were significant differences in the workload of primary school teachers in five demographic variables: age,teaching experience,educational background,professional title and part-time work in school;Working time pressure were significant differences in seven demographic variables: age,teaching experience,marital status,educational background,professional title,part-time work in school,and whether or not a teacher in charge of a class.There are significant differences in work resources only in job title;work engagement were significant differences in six demographic variables: gender,age,teaching experience,marital status,job title and subject taught.(3)Working time pressure was significantly positive correlated with workload,significantly negative correlated with work resources,and not correlated with work engagement;The workload is significantly negative correlated with work resources and work engagement.There is a significantly positive correlation between job resources and work engagement.(4)Workload can significantly positive predict the working time pressure of primary school teachers.(5)Work resources play a "suppressing effect" in the impact of workload on primary school teachers’ working time pressure.(6)Work engagement regulates the first half of the path where the workload affects working time pressure through work resources.Cross-lag analysis of primary school teachers’ workload and working time pressure in the study 3.Two questionnaires were conducted in April 2022(T1)and October 2022(T2)using Task Load Index Scale and the Working Time Stress Scale,respectively,matched 477 valid data for analysis.The results showed that:(1)The workload and working time pressure of primary school teachers T1 are higher than the workload and working time pressure of T2.(2)From T1 to T2,the correlation between the variables was stable,that is,workload was significantly positive correlated with working time pressure.(3)Primary school teachers’ T1 workload significantly positive predicted the working time pressure of T2,that is,workload is the cause of the working time pressure of primary school teachers.