Research On The Overburden Of Teachers In Urban Public Primary Schools

As the first resource for educational reform and development,teachers bear the heavy responsibility of teaching and educating people and talents for the country.On December 15,2019,the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council officially issued the "Several Opinions on Reducing the Burden of Primary and Secondary School Teachers and Further Creating a Good Environment for Education and Teaching." This document,known as the "Twenty Points for Reducing the Burden of Teachers," clearly requires schools at all levels to effectively reduce the burden on primary and secondary school teachers,and further create a relaxed and peaceful educational and teaching environment and campus atmosphere,Ensure that primary and secondary school teachers devote themselves to teaching and cultivating people in peace of mind.However,three years after the promulgation of the "burden reduction" policy for teachers,the phenomenon of excessive workload on teachers still exists,and urban public primary school teachers still face a series of problems that need to be solved urgently,such as "too long working hours","too much work pressure","too heavy work tasks",and "too many non teaching tasks".Overburden of urban public primary school teachers is a real problem,and reducing the burden for teachers is also a difficult issue.Therefore,the purpose of this article is to clarify the performance of the excessive workload of urban public primary school teachers,and provide practical basis for analyzing the reasons for the excessive workload of teachers and proposing corresponding countermeasures.This article selects teachers from three public primary schools in N City as the research object,mainly using qualitative research to conduct in-depth field surveys.In the field survey,the author himself was used as a research tool,and in natural situations,using observation and interview data collection methods to conduct an in-depth and holistic exploration of the current situation of primary school teachers’ work burden.Through investigation,it is found that the heavy workload of public primary school teachers in real cities is mainly manifested in long working hours,high work density,heavy work tasks,and unreasonable teacher evaluation ratings.At the same time,based on the perspective of rational choice theory,this article deeply analyzes the causes of teachers’ excessive workload: mainly including differences in interests that prevent various subjects from moving towards the integration of teacher burden reduction;The top-down "all-round" management in the bureaucratic system makes the educational management and school management system unreasonable and incomplete;Inadequate laws and regulations related to teachers’ rights and interests lead to blurred boundaries between teachers’ rights and responsibilities;The high expectations of social parents have led to teachers being given the titles of "all-round teacher" and "moral perfectionist".Based on the analysis of the manifestations and causes of the excessive workload of urban public primary school teachers,this article preliminarily discusses the strategies to alleviate the excessive workload of urban public primary school teachers: first,it is necessary to clarify the boundaries of power and responsibility,and establish and improve relevant institutional systems;Secondly,it is necessary to improve relevant laws and regulations to effectively protect the rights and interests of teachers;Thirdly,we should reasonably expect to promote the overall linkage of family,school,and community;Finally,it is necessary to establish a correct view of burden and improve the professional quality of teachers themselves.