The Characteristics And Intervention Of Prospective Memory In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Prospective memory is the ability to execute expected plans at a certain point in the future.Children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)have difficulties in daily life and learning,and prospective memory may be a key factor affecting their development.Currently,there are few studies on prospective memory in children with ASD,and the results are inconsistent.In particular,there is controversy about whether there is a defect in event-based prospective memory in children with ASD.In addition,there are few studies on prospective memory intervention in children with ASD.This study first conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies on prospective memory in children with ASD to explore the specific situation of two types of prospective memory deficits in children with ASD;further investigated the performance of prospective memory in children with ASD through behavioral experiments;finally,attempted to explore the intervention strategies to improve prospective memory in children with ASD.The meta-analysis of prospective memory research in children with ASD was conducted through literature retrieval and screening,including 17 articles for metaanalysis.The results showed that children with ASD had moderate deficits in prospective memory;serious impairment in time-based prospective memory,and mild impairment in event-based prospective memory.Analysis of regulatory variables found that prospective memory impairment in children with ASD was independent of factors such as age and verbal intelligence.Behavioral experimental study on prospective memory of children with ASD could be divided into event-based prospective memory research and time-based prospective memory research.The results showed as follows: 1.Compared with typical developing children,there were no significant differences in the accuracy and reaction time of event-based prospective memory in children with ASD,but there were significant differences in the accuracy of ongoing tasks.2.The performance of the time-based prospective memory and ongoing tasks were significantly worse than those of typical developing children.Intervention study on prospective memory in children with ASD explored the effect of reinforcement strategies and visual cue strategies on prospective memory in children with ASD.The results showed as follows: 1.Both reinforcement strategies and visual cue strategies could improve the prospective memory performance of children with ASD.2.Visual cue strategies had better improvement effect than reinforcement strategy.3.Event-based prospective memory had greater benefits in the intervention.To sum up,children with ASD had a defect in time-based prospective memory,and there may be a defect in event-based prospective memory.Both reinforcement and visual cue strategies can improve the prospective memory of children with ASD.The improvement effect of visual cue strategies was better,and event-based prospective memory had a greater benefit.