China's Disabled Sports Policy Tools Based On Four-dimensional Analysis: Selection Characteristics And Optimization Strategie

Sports for the disabled is an effective means for the disabled to improve their physical function,promote physical and mental health,realize the integration of disability and health,and promote all-round development.It is a unique way for the public to recognize the potential ability and social value of the disabled and promote the harmonious development of society.The development of sports for persons with disabilities plays an important role in protecting the equal rights of persons with disabilities,showing their spiritual outlook,promoting their deeply integrated development,and helping them share the fruits of reform and development.From the perspective of policy tools,sports policy for the disabled is a specific measure formed after decision-makers select,combine and apply various policy tools to promote the development of sports for the disabled.Based on the quantitative theory of policy texts,this study constructed a four-dimensional analysis framework for the types of policy instruments,the content of policy texts,the field of policy implementation and the level of policy effectiveness.Content analysis method,literature data method and mathematical statistics method were used to analyze the diachronic analysis,the effectiveness analysis and the policy-making body analysis of 234 Chinese disabled sports policy texts from 1978 to2022.Focus on the four-dimensional analysis framework of single dimension and cross dimension analysis,and according to the analysis results to explore the future disabled sports policy tool optimization strategy.Research results:(1)The dimensional analysis of policy tool types shows that the types of policy tools for disabled people in China present obvious unbalanced distribution characteristics.That is: environment type more,demand type less;"Extensive sports activities" more,"strengthen organizational leadership" less;The field of competitive sports is more,the field of sports industry is less;More potency level 1 and less potency level 5.Among them,the "strategic measures" sub-tool of environmental type is the most frequently used,while the "government procurement" sub-tool of demand type is the least frequently used.(2)Cross-dimensional analysis of the types of policy instruments and the contents of policy texts shows that the content layout of Chinese disabled sports policy texts and the types of policy instruments are not suitable.In terms of the overall content of the policy text,China’s disabled sports policy pays the most attention to "extensive sports activities",but pays less attention to "strengthening team level construction","strengthening work organization and leadership" and "creating favorable social environment".At the operational level of policy text content,there are significant differences in the configuration of various policy sub-tools.(3)The cross-dimensional analysis of policy tool types and policy implementation field shows that the distribution of policy tool types of disabled sports in the implementation field has a great difference.Competitive sports and mass sports are advancing together,and the policies of school sports and sports industry need to be perfected.Although the concept of integrated development has long penetrated into the sports policies for the disabled,the phenomenon of incomplete and disharmonious integration process is still significant.The concept of coordinated development implemented by demand-based policy tools is completely unbalanced,and it is completely missing in the field of school sports.(4)Cross-dimensional analysis of the types of policy instruments and the level of policy effectiveness shows that the number of documents issued by multiple departments is far less than that of single department,and the policy design lacks linkage between departments.The frequency of use of policy instruments generally presents the characteristics of decreasing gradually with the increase of policy effectiveness level.Optimization strategy: Based on multi-subject cooperation and participation to achieve targeted precision and structural optimization of policy tools,forming the system of policy tools;Promote the continuous interaction between the types of policy instruments and the content of policy texts,and enhance the appropriateness of the types of tools and text content;Further adjust the balance between the types of policy tools and the areas of policy implementation,and promote the rational distribution of the types of policy tools in the four sports areas;Through top-level design and grass-roots implementation,multi-departmental coordination will be strengthened to make up for the lack of high-effectiveness policy tools.