Research On The Economic And Social Development Trends In Ethnic Region

China is a unified multi-ethnic country with a vast territory but imbalanced and inadequate economic and social development,and the economic and social development of some ethnic areas obviously lags behind the national level.At the Central Conference on Ethnic Affairs held in 2021,General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that,"With a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line,we should unswervingly follow the correct path of solving ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics," and "we should promote all ethnic groups to jointly march toward socialist modernization.Differentiated regional support policies should be improved to support ethnic minority areas to comprehensively deepen reform and opening-up and enhance self-development capacity ".In recent years,the achievements of China’s reform,opening-up and development have benefited ethnic minority areas and the people of all ethnic groups.With the support of the State,historic achievements have been made in the economic and social development of ethnic minority areas,and people of all ethnic groups have embarked on the road of united struggle and common prosperity,laying a solid foundation for building a sense of community among the Chinese nation.In the new stage of development,ethnic minority areas should implement the new development concept,achieve high-quality development,promote common prosperity of all ethnic groups,create conditions and pool strength for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Accurately grasp the current development situation of economic society in ethnic regions have important practical significance,this research focus on development of economic society in ethnic regions,constructed with "partial" of economic development,"the people’s livelihood improvement partial","social progress partial","ecological environmental protection subindex" for four partial evaluation index system,RAGA-PP-TOPSIS evaluation model was used to analyze its development status and history.Three-stage DEA and DEA-Malmquist methods are used to measure the economic and social development efficiency of the eight ethnic regions from static and dynamic aspects,explore the influencing factors and problems in the development process,and put forward feasible suggestions,so as to comprehensively understand the economic and social development situation of ethnic regions and further promote the high-quality development of ethnic regions.It provides a strong theoretical support to promote the benefits of development to the people in ethnic areas.Research findings of this paper:First,ethnic minority areas have made great progress in economic and social development,but their position in the national pattern of economic and social development has not changed significantly and still lags behind the national level of development.The economic and social development of the eight ethnic minority provinces and autonomous regions has been significantly improved,showing a development trend of "economic development is mainly improved,people’s livelihood is improved,social progress is improved,ecological and environmental protection progress is slow,and regional differences are obvious".In the change of the economic and social ranking of the 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government),most of the eight ethnic provinces and autonomous regions show a downward trend,indicating that the economic and social progress of ethnic regions is significant in the longitudinal direction from 2000 to 2019,but it still lags behind the national development level in the horizontal comparison.Second,the economic and social development of ethnic minority areas is divided,showing three levels of "high-medium-low",and the development pattern has not changed significantly from 2000 to 2019:The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has always played a leading role,while The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Qinghai Province,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Guizhou,Tibet Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province are in the second tier.Tibet Autonomous Region ranked at the bottom.According to the performance of the sub-indexes of the eight provinces and autonomous regions,there are many common characteristics in economic development among the eight ethnic provinces and autonomous regions,especially Yunnan province and Guizhou Province,Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province,which have high homogeneity of development.It is possible to explore a new model for the joint development of the two provinces and autonomous regions in ethnic areas.Third,the social progress in ethnic minority areas,but the construction of infrastructure and basic public service supply is insufficient,education level and health level to be promoted,the average education fixed number of year and every one thousand people health organization&personnel are behind the national average level,per capita disposable income in addition to the Inner Mongolia autonomous region are below the national average,The Engel coefficient of Tibet autonomous Region and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is obviously higher than that of other provinces.On the whole,the urbanization rate of ethnic minority areas is lower than that of other provinces and regions,and the income gap between urban and rural areas is large,which will separate the orderly development of urban and rural areas and is not conducive to the coordinated and sustainable development of ethnic minority areas.Fourth,ethnic minority areas are rich in natural resources and have remarkable ecological advantages,but they have not formed a significant development pattern of resource endowment to drive economic growth.The Tibet Autonomous Region is rich in water resources and has the lowest annual PM2.5 concentration in China.Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province are rich in forest resources,while Inner Mongolia autonomous Region and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region rank first in energy consumption reduction per unit of GDP.We should make full use of the ecological and resource advantages of minority areas to promote the economic and social development of the whole region.Fifth,the overall efficiency of development in ethnic minority areas lags behind the national average,and the other seven provinces are all below the national level except Tibet Autonomous Region.Among the influencing factors of development efficiency,government efficiency and industrial structure upgrading have a significant promoting effect on improving development efficiency,while the large income gap between residents in the urban-rural dual structure has a significant inhibiting effect on improving efficiency.After removing the influence of environmental factors and random interference,the development efficiency has been improved,indicating that the government financial support and industrial optimization degree of the eight ethnic provinces and regions are insufficient,and the urban-rural income gap is large,which has become a shackle hindering the improvement of the development efficiency of ethnic regions.Based on the above research,this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions.