Study On The Optimal Allocation Of Rural Square In Baiquan County Under The Background Of Rural Revitalization

Promoting the upgrading of rural public service facilities and improving the level of rural livelihood guarantees are the requirements of rural revitalization.For a long time,the construction of urban and rural public service facilities has been in an unbalanced state,and the construction of rural public service facilities is lagging.The rural square in the rural public service facilities is an important carrier of rural cultural construction.It is not only a place for rural residents to entertain and exercise,but also an important window to promote the cultural exchange of rural residents and show the spiritual outlook of the countryside.It is the concrete visualization of the invisible spiritual outlook of the countryside,and has an important significance and role in promoting the construction of rural culture.With the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization,the majority of villages with an aging population and serious empty villages have been abandoned.How to rationally allocate rural squares in space so that they can meet the needs of low-density rural populations with maximum efficiency and match the service capacity with the needs of rural residents is an urgent problem.In this paper,taking Baiquan County in Heilongjiang Province as an example,based on the three tunes’ data,combined with field research data,the spatial database of a rural square in Baiquan County is constructed,the spatial configuration and spatial pattern of a rural square in Baiquan County are analyzed,the spatial accessibility and service level of a rural square in Baiquan County are calculated,and the utilization and satisfaction of rural residents to a rural square are understood.From the perspective of supply and demand,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the spatial allocation,land use layout,and serviceability of rural squares in Baiquan County,and puts forward the optimization scheme and safeguard measures.It aims to provide references for similar regions.The main research contents and conclusions are as follow:(1)Spatial configuration characteristics of rural square in Baiquan County.After poverty alleviation,the number of rural squares in Baiquan County increased rapidly,and the ownership rate of the administrative rural squares was 91.8%.The scattered and numerous settlements have increased the pressure on the supply of rural squares,and an average rural square needs to serve5.88 settlements.The scale of rural square and per capita scale is very poor,and the spatial matching between the population scales and square scale is uneven.68.28% of the rural square construction in the central village,tend to gather with other public service facilities.(2)Analysis of the utilization of rural squares in Baiquan County.The use of rural squares in Baiquan County is characterized by seasonality,multi-function,and diverse forms of participation and activities.However,the utilization rate and the proportion of participation are low,with only5.85% of the administrative villages participating in activities having more than 40 rural people.Rural square not only plays a social service function such as physical exercise,but also plays an important political function in grassroots governance.12.9% of the rural square allows drying and other agricultural production functions,and the utilization of agricultural multi-functionality is low.(3)Analysis of serviceability of rural square in Baiquan County.The average time accessibility of rural squares in Baiquan County is 39.88 minutes,and only 11.5% of the administrative villages within 15 minutes.The overall accessibility level is not high.Accessibility shows obvious spatial differentiation.Accessibility in the central region is better,and accessibility in the southeast region is significantly lower than the average level.Affected by the distribution characteristics of many,small and scattered’ settlements,the coverage area and population of the rural squares within 15 min accessibility are relatively low.The internal accessibility ratio of some administrative villages with multiple squares is quite different,the service area and population are not balanced,and the spatial layout is unreasonable.(4)Optimization of rural square land in Baiquan County.There are some problems in the rural square of Baiquan County,such as blind site selection,homogenization of supply,insufficient effective supply,and inadequate government management.In order to achieve fairness and benefit maximization the goal,the spatial layout of rural squares in Baiquan County is optimized.For the four types of problems,five optimization methods are proposed from the perspectives of quantity optimization,layout optimization,and function optimization.And put forward the rural square sharing circle to overcome the current rural settlements’ many,small,scattered’ situation.Finally,the safeguard measures and suggestions for rural square construction are put forward.