A Study Of The Governance Ideology Of Yongzheng Great Power From The Perspective Of Public Economy

At present,promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity in the context of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is an important issue that we need to pay attention to,and seeking a plan for the construction of the national governance system from historical experience is a way worthy of attention.Moreover,the territory and ethnic structure of the Qing Dynasty are the closest to today,so it is an appropriate way to learn from the Yongzheng’s governance thought of the early Qing Dynasty.This paper selects Yongzheng’s governance thought as the research object,and analyzes it using public economic theory,in order to provide reference for the current governance system construction,and at the same time provide materials for the development of public economic theory.Yongzheng’s governance thought was formed in the process of dealing with the dilemma of great power governance,so in order to analyze Yongzheng’s thought,we need to understand the background of the times in which he lived and the practical problems he encountered.For example,the succession storm brought about by the dispute over the throne,the negative impact of the abandonment of the official rule brought about by the benevolent government during the Kangxi period,the resistance of the Han people caused by the Manchu rule,the local governance dilemma brought about by the increase in population,and so on.It is precisely in order to solve the above series of problems that Yongzheng has carried out a series of reforms and systematic thought after succeeding to the throne.Of course,Yongzheng’s thoughts are complex and diverse,and this article analyzes and discusses his governance ideas,mainly including Huayi view,Tianming view and world view,people-oriented thought,employment thought,grass-roots governance thought,and information statistics thought.The debate between Hua and Yi has always been a topic of endless political debate,and Zeng Jing book submission case that occurred during the Yongzheng period was an opportunity for Yongzheng to participate in the debate between Hua and Yi.In Yongzheng’s view,there are both regional and cultural differences between Hua and Yi.He stressed that in terms of geography,the Manchus were in the Yi place,but in terms of culture,the Manchus were Also Hua people.The Tianming view is only related to the cultural level of the debate between Hua and Yi,and those who have virtue can inherit the Tianming,and Yongzheng believes that "virtue" is the standard for inheriting the unification,and has nothing to do with Hua place and Yi place,thus providing a basis for the political legitimacy of the Manchus.In addition,Yongzheng also stressed the importance of the great unification system to the integrity of reunification.He believed that the Tianming meant inheriting the world rather than a nation,so he wanted to provide public goods to the people of the world.Inheriting the Tianming because of "virtue","virtue" is the people-oriented thought in Confucianism.Therefore,Yongzheng is very concerned about the lives of the people,especially the vulnerable groups.This paper analyzes Yongzheng’s people-oriented thought by taking a number of measures such as Hao-xian-gui-gong,Tan-ding-ru-mu,integrating the soldiers and the people,Gai-tu-gui-liu,and the governance of ethnic minority areas.Yongzheng also realized that the realization of the people-oriented thought needed able officials,so he paid great attention to the cultivation of altruism for officials.First of all,the teaching materials are limited to those who want to participate in Keju,requiring them to study a series of Confucian classics such as Si-shu-wu-jing.Officials selected through such channels are not necessarily truly altruistic,but Confucianized people are more likely to be altruistic in their public economic activities.In addition to Keju,Yongzheng also selected officials by recommending them.Second,Yongzheng increased the altruism of officials through frequent teachings and admonitions.In the process,Yongzheng demanded that officials follow the Confucian rules of "jun-jun-chen-chen".In addition,Yongzheng also realized the adaptation of officials to positions through frequent official transfers.Yongzheng also realized that at a time when the population is rapidly increasing,it is necessary to provide corresponding grass-roots governance to maintain local stability.He mainly built a family order based on "Xiao and Di",a clan order based on "Yong-mu",and a township party order based on "Harmony" to gradually realize a "Li" civil order.In addition,he also put forward different requirements for people from all walks of life,such as scholars,farmers,industry and commerce,in order to achieve the goal of the people being able to live and live.Yongzheng’s thought of grassroots governance is essentially his practice of sinking Confucianism into grassroots managers,trying to supply local public goods by cultivating the altruism of grassroots managers such as squires.In addition,in order to better understand the needs of the people(consumers)and the personal governance of officials,Yongzheng also established a systematic and perfect information statistics system,that is,a system of folding and introduction.All in all,Yongzheng’s governance thought is the result of inheriting the traditional Chinese Confucian-Legalist and exploring the governance of big countries,and its governance path is a typical external Confucian internal Fa,the traditional Chinese governance model dominated by Confucianism,and the logic behind its governance is the logic of the public economy,that is,on the basis of the people-oriented thought,the spatial benefit sharing of public goods is used to provide public goods for the people of the world,and the public goods of the executors are urged to provide efficiency by establishing constraints on the enforcers.It is precisely because Yongzheng’s series of explorations and reflections are based on solving the dilemma of great power governance,and he has successfully completed a series of reforms,so his governance ideas have very important reference significance for our current great power governance.