Vulnerability Assessment And Spatial-temporal Evolution Of Social-ecological Systems In Coastal Tourism Destinations

Vulnerability Theory and method is a powerful tool to study the sustainable development of complex social-ecological systems.The increasing social and economic pressure,high-frequency and high-intensity tourism activities,and the worsening pollution in the coastal waters have led to the increasing human-land conflict in the social-ecological system of Binhai’s tourist destinations.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to analyze the sustainable development of the social-ecological systems of the coastal resorts from the perspective of vulnerability,and to explore the evolution of the Binhai Resorts.In this paper,the coastal tourism destinations are regarded as local social-ecological systems that take tourism activities and the pressure they bring as the main interference force.Combining social-ecological systems theory with vulnerability theory.Taking 17 coastal tourism destinations around the Bohai Sea as the evaluation unit,the social-ecological systems vulnerability evaluation index system of coastal tourism destinations are constructed from the dimensions of exposure,sensitivity and adaptability,The paper calculates the Vulnerability Index from 2005 to 2018 and reveals the trends and characteristics of its temporal and spatial evolution,analyzes the factors influencing the spatial-temporal differentiation of vulnerability,and puts forward the adaptive management countermeasures for the coordinated development of regions.The main conclusions include:(1)From the perspective of time sequence evolution,the overall social-ecological systems vulnerability of the Bohai Rim region has shown a trend of rapid decline first and then fluctuation and rise in the past 14 years.The vulnerability situation has improved to a certain extent.The degree of loss under the interference of tourism activities and the pressure brought by tourism activities has gradually decreased,but the slow upward trend of the overall vulnerability can not be ignored.The vulnerability index of each tourist destination shows a downward trend in fluctuation,but the vulnerability of cities such as Tianjin,Tangshan and Cangzhou still have great room for improvement.(2)From the perspective of spatial evolution,there are significant spatial evolution differences in the vulnerability of social-ecological systems of the whole region and coastal tourism destinations.In the past 14 years,regional vulnerability has been in the evolution process of medium vulnerability-low vulnerability-low vulnerability.The social-ecological systems are developing towards a positive trend,showing a pattern of "low in the south,high in the north and west".The level types have spatial succession over time,from the initial medium vulnerability and above to the low vulnerability and below,However,the overall vulnerability of tourism destinations in the region changes greatly and have a certain degree of instability.From the perspective of a single tourist destination,the spatial level change of vulnerability can be divided into three types: steady change of vulnerability,fluctuating decline of vulnerability and continuous decline of vulnerability.(3)The temporal and spatial differentiation of social-ecological systems vulnerability in coastal tourism destinations are the result of the comprehensive action of social,economic,environmental resources and other factors,and the influence relationship of each factor has obvious temporal variation characteristics.The length of coastline per capita and annual fiscal revenue per capita are the main factors affecting the vulnerability of social-ecological systems in this region;The impact of urbanization rate and the total amount of post and telecommunications services per capita on vulnerability is gradually increasing,and the impact of the proportion of land occupied by construction land on vulnerability is gradually weakening.The interaction between any two factors presents two types of mutual two factor enhancement or nonlinear enhancement,and the interaction of industrial structure,tourism factors,economic level,coastline state,urbanization level and other factors is obvious.