| Since the mid—19th century industrial revolution, as people discretionary income increases unceasingly, tourism activities has increasingly become the basic needs of the general public, the tourism industry has become one of the most development potential and influence activities in the world. At the same time, the contradiction between tourism development and ecological environment has become more prominent, a lot of threat to the existence and development of the tourism related people environmental problems occur frequently. Although people have a general recognition of the seriousness of this problem and have taken different management measures, but or because of too much focus on "efficiency" and "speed", or because of the interests, the results are unsatisfactory, the threat of tourism on the environment is still grim. Based on the new research angle of view, therefore, to seek new research methods to tourism development, environmental protection, social change and government management, puts forward some countermeasures for effective management and to ensure its full implementation, is particularly urgent. Social—ecological systems theory (SESs) emphasizes the natural ecological environment to the survival of human society and its mutual interdependence, mutual influence, and attention to the human society on natural ecological environment change ability of adaptation and adjustment, emphasizes the system restoration after the interference of the ability to maintain its basic function and structure, is one of the frontier areas of sustainability research. Compared with other research framework, the current social—ecological system theory research has an important feature—the research orientation is given priority to with effect from (impacts—led approach) to give priority to with vulnerability (velnerability—led approach), for the deep understanding of man—land relationship regional system middleman—interaction coupling effect has important significance. Based on this, this article introduces social—ecological systems theory in tourism research, the local tourism man—land relationship regional system as the tourism activities of tourism social—ecological system for human interference, and with the examples of typical regions of Shaanxi QinLing region ecological environment, through the characteristics of tourism development on the basis of comprehensive analysis, in accordance with the "system builds, external pressure analysis, vulnerability evaluation and incentive system analysis, system suitability cycle process and mechanism analysis, system suitability countermeasures of management of" the logic thinking of full text research.The full text of the main research conclusion is as follows.①Based on the the characteristics of tourism social—ecological system (TSESs)are discussed,the paper points out that the essence of TSESs paradigm, a discussion based on system view on tourism development whether it can promote the sustainable development of regional society all—round in the end.②With a regional scale TSESs as the research object, the paper selects the Qinling region as a case study, defines and builds the Qinling mountain region TSESs. And it proposes the Qinling mountain region TSESs vulnerability evaluation framework of system, namely:the pressure analysis from the outside world, system changes the coupling properties evaluation, system of adaptive adaptive mechanism.③The paper analyzes the main pressure from external systems in the Qinling mountain region. And it points out that the current Qinling region TSESs is driven by a variety of external pressure. In fact, the pressure from outside of the tourism system is the result of an adaptive selection within the system in municipal (county) scale to address global climate change affection, namely:global environmental change—regional ecological environment change—tourism influence response—accumulation (concealment, delay, multiplication)—tourism formation pressure. The pressure makes the Qinling mountain region TSESs the current main contradictions:the contradiction between tourism development and environmental bearing capacity, regional system internal unbalanced development pattern. That two contradictory together results in the fragility of the ecosystem. Based on this two pairs of contradictions to evaluate Qinling region tourism society—the fragility of ecological system is the core issues of research in this paper.④To the administrative divisions, the Qinling mountain region TSESs is divided into six regional spatial units. According to the research target, the paper selects16evaluation index, based on the relevant statistics, combined with vulnerability evaluation model, respectively quantitative measure of Qinling region from1990to2010and its fragile degrees of six regional system inside the space and time change, and to lead to temporal variation of driving force are analyzed. The results are as follows:Temporal change (according to time series data from1990to2010):Xi ’an QinLing region TSESs changes present from steady development, accelerate the fragile and keep high value—shock decline—to the basic trend of stable flat drop; Qinling BaoJi region vulnerable degree change trend:—to maintain a steady high value fluctuation after back up—down—acceleration increases steadily. Qinling WeiNan region:steady rise—slow down, slow up. Qinling HanZhong region:the overall smooth rise—slightly faster acceleration in occasional fluctuations. Qinling Ankang region:the overall maintain stable low levels— slightly faster accelerate. Qinling ShangLuo region:the overall maintain stable low levels—slightly faster accelerate.Space change (according to section1990,2000,1990):In1990, the system in each region of Qinling region with a relatively low overall weak overall fragile degrees, and the obvious region difference, the effect in three areas vulnerable degree of difference is bigger, Xi’an, lowest, highest WeiNan, BaoJi center; South Qinling three areas vulnerable dimension difference is relatively small. By2000, the difference between system in each region of Qinling mountain area gradually narrowed, and the Qinling mountains north three parts change significantly faster than the south qinling area. In2010, in addition to the general fragile differences continue to decrease, presented in contrast to the2000in the spatial distribution of the characteristics, namely:vulnerable degree change in the north Qingling areas significantly slower than the south Qinling region.The former vernerable degree slightly lift or maintain the original water, the later vulnerability is rising significantly.Driver characteristics:from1990to2010in each region of Qinling region system, to the key impact factor composition that driver vulnerability changes, Xi’an and WeiNan have roughly similarity, it mainly includes:the region’s overall economic level factor, the available land resources factor, floating population change factor etc. BaoJi and HanZhong have rough similarity, it mainly includes:population quality factor, tourists depending GDP growth factor, factor and salary factor, environmental protection investment factor, etc. Ankang and shangluo has roughly similarity, it mainly is for population quality factor, market concentration factor, biological diversity factor etc.a comprehensive analysis of Qinling region from1990to2010vulnerable degree of space and time change and its key driving factors, they are natural resources, cultural resources, infrastructure, tourism employment and financial allocation.These five types of the most critical driving factor, and coupling relation between them decides the fragile degree and the temporal variation of the system.—Based on the complementarity,accessibility and intermediary to three aspects, the paper chooses1990,2000,2010years’cross section data, combined with the regional space analysis model, the intensity of economic links model of tourism, tourist economic membership model, tourism breaking point model, analyzes the Qinling mountain region in1990—2010regional tourism cooperation and competition relationship of the space, evaluation of its impact on system vulnerability. The conclusion shows:from1990to2010, Qinling Xi ’an and WeiNan region with other parts of the space effect of overall lower vulnerability, and the change is roughly stable; Qinling BaoJi and HanZhong region through interaction with other parts of the overall increase vulnerability; Qinling AnKang and ShangLuo region through interaction with other parts of the face greater development risk amd opportunities, the vulnerability is not stable in the short term, it has the characteristics of volatility.⑥Integrated system of wealth, connectivity and resilience, the paper analyses adaptive cycle in Qingling region TSESs, the results found:Qinling region municipal tourism development is in the protection of the adaptive cycle stage, it has not been the adaptability of a complete cycle. Although Qinling area municipal tourism is in the stage of development and protection, but different region have different characteristics in the change time and the influence mechanism.The respective characteristics is not only the regional response to external stress response system itself, it’s also affected by complex interaction between regions.Qinling region TSESs as a whole is also in the protection of the adaptive cycle stage, it has not been the adaptability of a complete cycle. The current in the early stages of protection and is rising. Qinling region TSESs adaptive loop drive factor mainly includes:the economic level, land use change, the policy response.The paper analyses the panarchy in Qinling region TSESs (large scale) and the municipal TSESs (small scale), the paper found that cohesion, support, intermediary force and inertial force, and has the dynamic feedback relationships between each other, they drive their development of systems with different scales..⑦From the environmental management, tourism development and coordinate space three aspects, the management countermeasures are put forward in QinLing region TSESs. |
PDF Full Text Request