Research On The Influence Of Factor Endowment Structure On The Potential Competitiveness Of Agricultural Products With Different Attributes

With the rapid economic growth,China’s agricultural factor endowments have undergone tremendous changes,the demographic dividend has gradually been lost,the transfer of rural labor has accelerated,the agricultural capital stock has grown significantly,and agricultural scientific and technological innovation has made great progress.It can be seen from the trade data that China’s agricultural products are generally in a trade deficit position,and it is imminent to enhance the international competitiveness of China’s agricultural products.According to the relevant theories of economics and management on industrial competitiveness,it can be concluded that potential international competitiveness is formed in the production stage and is most affected by factor endowments,and explicit competitiveness is formed in the post-production stage and is affected by potential competitiveness and other factors.Therefore,potential competitiveness is the most basic and fundamental factor affecting the international competitiveness of agricultural products.Under the background of China’s factor endowment structure adjustment,it is necessary to study its influence on the potential competitiveness of China’s agricultural products from the perspective of factor structure.This paper constructs the evaluation index system of China’s agricultural factor endowment,and based on the calculation and analysis of the factor endowment structure index of China as a whole and each region from 1994 to 2020,uses the Moran index in the spatial econometric model to comprehensively study China’s agricultural factors.Spatial correlation of endowment structure to understand the evolution of China’s agricultural factor endowment structure;agricultural products are divided into labor-intensive,land-intensive and capital-intensive according to the difference in attributes,and representative agricultural products are selected from the three types of agricultural products.Use the domestic resource cost coefficient method to measure and analyze the potential international competitiveness;use the grey relational analysis method to rank the agricultural factor endowment structure factors that affect the potential competitiveness of agricultural products with different attributes,and combine the current evolution characteristics of China’s agricultural factor endowment structure.Predict the trend of the potential international competitiveness of related agricultural products.After research,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)China’s agricultural labor factor endowment structure index and land factor endowment structure index have dropped significantly,the agricultural capital factor endowment structure has fluctuated slightly,and the agricultural technology factor endowment structure index has risen sharply.On the whole,the regions with high agricultural labor factor endowment structure index are mainly concentrated in the central and western regions of China,and the lower regions are mainly concentrated in the central and southwestern parts of China;the regions with high agricultural land factor endowment structure index are mainly concentrated in the northeast of China.-Central-northwest,the lower areas are mainly concentrated in the eastern coast of China;the areas with higher agricultural capital factor endowment structure index are mainly concentrated in the eastern coast of China,and the lower areas are mainly concentrated in the central-northwest of China;agricultural technology elements The regions with higher endowment structure index are mainly concentrated in the northeast-northwest of China,and the regions with lower endowment structure index are mainly concentrated in the southwest of China.(2)In addition to maintaining potential international competitive advantages in domestic resource costs of apples and citrus,the potential competitive advantages of land-intensive agricultural products,capital-intensive agricultural products and labor-intensive agricultural products such as flue-cured tobacco are gradually weakening;In other words,potential competitive advantage is a necessary but not sufficient condition for trade surplus,that is to say,agricultural products in trade surplus must have potential comparative advantage,but agricultural products with potential comparative advantage may not necessarily be in trade surplus.(3)The endowment structure of labor and land factors has a greater impact on the potential competitiveness of labor-intensive agricultural products and land-intensive agricultural products,and the endowment structure of capital and land factors has a greater impact on the potential competitiveness of capital-intensive agricultural products.Except that the potential international competitiveness of citrus and apple may fluctuate at the current level,the potential international competitiveness of the other 7 categories of products may further decline in the future.Based on the above research conclusions,this paper proposes the following countermeasures: promote the moderate scale operation of agriculture and build a regional advantageous industrial belt of agricultural products;make up for the shortcomings of mechanization in the whole production process and improve the overall level of agricultural mechanization;expand the sources of agricultural funds and promote the integration and utilization of regional resources;rely on Advances in agricultural science and technology improve the unit yield and quality of agricultural products;develop diversified export markets for agricultural products and promote the export of advantageous agricultural products.