| The "30.60" double carbon target urges the power industry to re-examine the energy structure and its application in renewable energy.With the elimination of the bottleneck of photovoltaic power generation and the development of energy storage technology,the development of distributed energy based on photovoltaic and wind power generation will be unstoppable.According to the action plan of the 14th five year plan for safe production of electric power(GNF[2021]No.62)issued by the national energy administration,during the 14th Five Year Plan period,China’s energy consumption increased rapidly,energy development entered a new stage,and the pressure on the balance between power supply and demand increased;In the process of energy transformation,the peak shaving capacity of the system is insufficient in stages,the power supply capacity is challenged in some periods,and the risk of peak staggering and power rationing will increase;The risk of safe operation of power system has increased significantly.These problems have prompted the power industry to reform the energy supply side and demand side.As a means to effectively alleviate the related problems encountered in the operation of power system,demand response has attracted more and more attention.At the same time,with the advancement of power demand side reform and the progress of related technologies of power demand side management,the concept of generalized load is proposed on the load side.As a flexible power load on the load side,generalized load can provide demand response services for the power grid through the adjustment and guidance of flexible power load and output load.Under the guidance of demand response price and incentive signal,power users configure distributed generation and energy storage based on interest driven,so as to obtain benefits through response interaction with the power grid.The two-way interaction between users and the power grid can effectively break the one-way flow of electric energy from the power grid to the user side,so that the "network load" has the dual interaction characteristics based on response and substantive electric energy exchange,improve the power consumption flexibility and power supply reliability of the power grid,and provide users with more stable power.Firstly.this paper summarizes the concepts and types of generalized load and demand response.Generalized load refers to all kinds of loads distributed on the user side,including traditional load,which can be widely involved in the power grid for interaction,including traditional load,distributed power generation,electric vehicle and energy storage;Then summarize its development status and analyze the load characteristics of various generalized loads;Secondly,the response mechanism of various generalized load demand is analyzed;Finally,considering the output uncertainty and demand response of distributed generation,and aiming at maximizing the benefit of users’ generalized load participating in demand response,a collaborative optimal allocation model of distributed generation and energy storage is constructed.The specific contents and research conclusions are as follows:(1)The analytical method of load structure characteristics of generalized load resources is studied:the load characteristics of traditional load are analyzed by curve method and index method;The load characteristics of distributed generation,energy storage and electric vehicle are analyzed by model method.It is found that the output of distributed photovoltaic is greatly affected by light intensity,showing the characteristics of large output in daytime and small output at night;The output of distributed wind power is greatly affected by wind speed and direction,and generally presents the characteristics of large output at night;The charging and discharging strategy of energy storage is greatly affected by economy;The load characteristics of electric vehicles are mainly affected by users’ behavior and habits.(2)Analyze the demand response mechanism of generalized load resources:analyze the generalized load demand response mechanism under the background of smart grid from the four aspects of basic conditions,driving factors,response mode and organization form of demand response,and introduce the generalized load interaction strategies under different demand response signals.The interaction strategies under electricity price signals are mainly related to the relationship between purchase and sale electricity prices,The generalized load interaction behavior under incentive signal is mainly affected by compensation incentive and default penalty price.(3)The generalized load optimal allocation model considering demand response is studied:considering the uncertainty of distributed generation output,the typical distributed generation output is simulated based on the combination of Monte Carlo and K-means clustering;Then,the collaborative optimal allocation model of distributed generation and energy storage is constructed in two steps.Firstly,the location of distributed generation is determined based on the variance of network loss sensitivity,and then the allocation capacity of distributed generation and energy storage is optimized on the basis of considering the impact of demand response.The example analysis of the solution of the model is based on the improved PSO algorithm.The results show that the collaborative allocation of distributed generation and energy storage can improve the annual economic benefits and reduce network loss. |
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