Investigation And Analysis On Grape Production Mode And Benefit In Tongshan District Of Xuzhou

Taking Tongshan District,Xuzhou,Jiangsu Province as the scope of investigation and the local grape industry as the research object,this paper understood the development status and faced problems of grape cultivation in Tongshan District through questionnaires,field visits and other forms.Then this paper compared the economic benefits of different production and operation methods.Finally,under the principles of reducing cost and increasing earning,this paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the benefit of grape planting in Tongshan District based on the three perspectives of production,marketing and policy.The main results and conclusions were as follows:(1)This paper analyzed the development status and trends of the protected grape industry in Tongshan District,Xuzhou.In recent years,the grape industry in Tongshan District has developed rapidly.The current protected grape area in Tongshan District is 1753 ha,and the scale tends to stabilize,among which grape area is 1120 ha with a rapid growth,accounting for 63.87%;grape production and output value have steadily increased with a total output value of about 420 million yuan and a total profit of about 138.6 million yuan;the type structures of grape cultivation facilities are constantly optimized,mainly in plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses,and planting management techniques gradually mature;the economic benefit of grape protected cultivation is significantly higher than that of open field cultivation,which is about 26000 yuan/667 m2 and about three times that of open field cultivation;Tongshan grape industry is moving towards large-scale production,regionalized distribution and industrialized operation.The grape industry also faces some problems in the development process.At present,the main grape varieties are mostly early and mid-ripe varieties,lacking good late-ripe varieties;the popularity rate of grape cultivation-related achievements is not high,and the farmers’ scientific cultivation techniques needs to be improved;the grape brand effect is not obvious,lacking star and hit products;fruit quality and safety control level needs to be further improved;grape product logistics and cold chain systems need to be established urgently.(2)This paper analyzed the production modes and economic benefits of protected grapes in Tongshan District,Xuzhou.There are three types of professional grape growing households in Tongshan District.The first type is rich in funds and has a strong risk bearing capacity.They give priority to solar greenhouses,followed by plastic greenhouses,with more than 6.67 ha of planting scales usually.In addition,they can well accept and adopt new varieties and technologies,such as order sales or online sales.The second type has inadequate funds but rich management experience.Their planting scales are between 3.335 and 6.67 ha,and plastic greenhouses are preferred.They sale grapes in wholesale markets or through leading enterprises cooperatives,and brokers for considerable economic benefits are considerable.The third type is scarce in funds and conservative in thinking.They mainly use plastic sheds with planting scales between 2.001 and 3.335 ha.The input cost is low and the stability is good,but the returns are relatively poor.From high to low,the input costs of different grape cultivation facilities are solar greenhouse,large and medium size plastic greenhouse and plastic sheds;the economic benefits of different sales models from high to low are respectively order sales,selling in the wholesale markets outside the district,selling through leading enterprises,cooperatives and brokers,selling in the local wholesale markets and on-field direct sales.The labor cost accounts for the highest proportion in the operation and management.At present,the heads of household growers are mostly between 50 and 60 years old.With the aging of growers,artificial field management and labor costs will be the limiting factors of grape industry development.(3)This paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions to increase the benefit of protected grape cultivation in Tongshan District,Xuzhou.Based on the production perspective,vigorously develop plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses,constantly optimize the structures of cultivation facilities by upgrading the grape facilities;strengthen early spring cultivation and optimize the variety structures through increasing late-ripe varieties acreage to meet the market demand;optimize the stubble arrangement and improve the production period regulation;promote moderate scale operation of protected grape.Based on the marketing perspective,identify the target market,constantly radiate outwards with the Gulou District in Xuzhou as the center,focus on expanding large and medium cities as well as foreign markets;create a grape brand culture with Tongshan and Xuzhou regional characteristics;break the traditional marketing model and join the Internet elements to build a network sales system;improve the grape transportation logistics system.Based on the policy perspective,further increase the policy subsidies for the grape protected cultivation,relax farmers’ financing conditions and make full use of the leverage role of finance;focus on the field utilization rate of grape cultivation techniques achievements and strengthen the close integration of "production,education and research";actively respond to emerging national policies and use the new model of "land transfer" in a rational way to develop the "rural complex".