| Chinese agriculture is dominated by small-scale operation.Although in the early stage of reform and opening up,this small-scale operation has made an important contribution to improving agricultural production.With the increase of agricultural labor productivity and labor cost,small-scale operation gradually began to restrict the development of agricultural modernization and greening.Small scale operation increases the production cost per unit land area,hinders the application of new agricultural technologies,causes excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,emits a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution and greenhouse gases,and brings serious environmental pollution and health problems.Therefore,China began to explore the large-scale management of agricultural land at the beginning of this century,and took the development of appropriate scale management as an important part of the reform of rural land system,which is of great strategic significance for ensuring Chinese food security and environmental quality,improving farmers’income level,and promoting rural revitalization and common prosperity.In the process of urbanization,farmers’income from working in cities increases,which accelerates the circulation of agricultural land,promotes the large-scale management of agricultural land,reduces the cost of agricultural production and improves the agricultural income of rural residents.However,at present,the level of large-scale management of agricultural land in China is still low,the loss of rural labor force is serious,and agricultural land is facing the problem of abandonment.In order to define the appropriate scale of agricultural land management in China,this paper takes the income equalization of urban and rural residents as the measurement standard,explores the appropriate scale of agricultural land management in various districts and counties in China,and evaluates its environmental and economic effects.The results show that in order to realize that the agricultural production income of farmers equals the per capita disposable income of urban residents,the range of moderate scale operation per household in China is 0.58-24.9 ha.In addition,the scale of agricultural land management is adjusted according to the natural conditions of each district and county（whether the agricultural land is contiguous,etc.）,and it is found that 96.6%of the counties in the country could realize the scale of agricultural land under the condition of equal income.If the scale of agricultural land managed by farmers should not only enable farmers to engage in agricultural production at ease,but also be feasible,the range of moderate scale management per household in China is 0.12-15.83 ha.If the expected scale of agricultural land is reached,the amount of nitrogen fertilizer per unit area in China will be reduced from 214 kg N ha-1 to 163 kg N ha-1,the nitrogen use efficiency will be increased from 42%to 49%,and the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer application will be reduced by 6.98 million tons.At the same time,a lot of agricultural production costs will be saved,including fixed costs such as chemical fertilizer and machinery,in which the cost of agricultural machinery will be reduced from 336 yuan ha-1 to 263 yuan ha-1.In addition,the agricultural input labor force will also be reduced,and 34.5%of the farming labor force per hectare will be reduced by 1-2 people.In order to promote the appropriate scale management of agricultural land,this paper puts forward that we should first implement the large-scale management of agricultural land and new management subjects according to local conditions.Secondly,we should improve the circulation system and reasonably guide the land circulation.Thirdly,we should improve the rural social security system and promote the transfer of rural surplus labor force.Finally,we should establish an agricultural socialized service system to improve agricultural production efficiency and anti risk ability. |
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