| Modern industrial transformation promotes the structural upgrading and content adjustment of technology.As the primary feature of industrial development and the precondition for products to enter the market,technical standards play an important role in the domestic and foreign market competition of enterprises.With the improvement of technical complexity and integration,it is often difficult for a single enterprise to have the knowledge resources and innovation level required to formulate a technical standard and maintain its survival,building a technical standard alliance has gradually become a necessary means for enterprises to adapt to the rapid development of technology.Specifically,the technical standards alliance not only allows enterprises to obtain key knowledge resources that they lack to achieve the improvement of technical standard formulation capabilities,but also maintains the survival of enterprise’s technical standards through collaborative innovation among alliance members,which is of great significance to the development of enterprise technology standardization(ETS).The organizational composition of the international technical standards alliance is developing towards transnationalization and diversification,the increase in the degree of difference in characteristics between organizations has an important impact on the knowledge flow and collaborative innovation among members of the alliance.Therefore,it is of great important to delve to the differences in the internationalization capability of ETS from the perspective of multi-dimensional proximity.In this paper,negative binomial regression and survival analysis are used to empirically analyze the impact of multi-dimensional proximity on the internationalization capability of ETS.First,based on the ITU international technical standard data,an international technical standards alliance was constructed,which contain a total of 744 international technical standards alliances and 86 participating companies were obtained.Secondly,based on the perspective of knowledge flow and absorption,a negative binomial regression analysis was carried out to explore the impact of technological proximity and organizational proximity on the ability of enterprises to formulate international technical standards,and to analyze the moderating role of geographic proximity in it;Based on the perspective of collaborative innovation,survival analysis is carried out to explore the influence of geographic proximity,technological proximity,organizational proximity and institutional proximity on the survivability of enterprises’ international technical standards,and to analyze the interaction between proximity.Finally,summarize relevant research conclusions,put forward management implications and point out deficiencies.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Technology proximity is positively correlated with the ability of enterprises to formulate international technical standards,similar technical research perspectives among alliance members can improve the ability of enterprises to formulate international technical standards;Organizational proximity has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the ability of enterprises to formulate international technical standards,moderate convergence of organizational nature among alliance members can improve the ability of enterprises to formulate international technical standards,excessive organizational proximity will hinder enterprises from developing international technical standards;Geographical proximity has a negative moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship between organizational proximity and the ability of enterprises to formulate international technical standards,it exacerbates the inhibitory effect of excessive proximity of organizations on the ability of enterprises to formulate international technical standards.(2)Geographical proximity performance significantly improves the survivability of enterprise’s international technical standards,indicating that the smaller the spatial distance between alliance members,the stronger the survivability of the enterprise’s international technical standards;Technical proximity performance significantly improves the survivability of the enterprise’s international technical standards,indicating that the more similar the technical fields among the members of the alliance,the stronger the survivability of the enterprise’s international technical standards;Organizational proximity has a significant negative impact on the survivability of the enterprise’s international technical standards,indicating that the stronger the differences in the organizational nature among the members of the alliance,the stronger the survivability of the enterprise’s international technical standards;Institutional proximity has a significant negative impact on the survivability of the enterprise’s international technical standards,indicating that the stronger the differences in rules and regulations among alliance members,the stronger the survivability of the enterprise’s international technical standards.The interaction between geographic proximity and technological proximity,organizational proximity and institutional proximity have a significant negative impact on the survivability of the enterprise’s international technical standards;The interaction between geographic proximity and organizational proximity,geographic proximity and institutional proximity,technological proximity and organizational proximity,technological proximity and institutional proximity have a significant postive impact on the survivability of the enterprise’s international technical standards.The research conclusions enrich the research on internationalization capability of ETS,deepen the theoretical explanation of the spatial aggregation effect and collaborative innovation in the technical standards alliance,and provide empirical basis and practical reference for the selection of alliance partners when enterprises internationalize their enterprise’s technical standard. |
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