The Study On Impact Of Oil Development On The Environment And Countermeasures

The large-scale exploration and development of oil bring various adverse impacts on environment. The pollution resources and pollutants, the impacts on environment during oil development were briefly introduced firstly in this dissertation. Then, through samples taking In-Situ, field investigation, indoor simulation experiment, the types and concentration of main pollutants was measured, and the impacts on water, soil and vegetation was analyzed. The evaluation method was established, and the impacts on environment were evaluated by using Single-Factor method and Fuzzy Comprehensive method. Finally, some countermeasures to reduce the impacts were put forward from three ways, government, the public and oil enterprises, for further reducing the impacts. The main work and conclusions are below:The research illustrates the source of pollutants and environmental impacts from the oil development process. It reveals the reasons of environmental impacts which not only the rationality of oil enterprise and the aim to maximization of profit and oil production, but also has a great relationship with the environmental resources and configuration of the market failure, government failure and lack of awareness of the environment.By taking Zhongyuan oil field as the example, paper do research on oil development on surface water, groundwater, soil, vegetation impact through on-site sampling, field survey and indoor simulation experiment; Analyze the impact of oil development by single-factor pollution index method. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method will be applied to the oil development process in the environmental impact assessmentPaper reveal that petroleum Development may cause serious pollution of surface water by the analysis of water samples from Jindi river and Tuhai river in Zhongyuan oil field. During the wet period and dry season of Jindi river and Tuhai river, none of the five monitoring sections to reach the ground water quality standard Class V. In view of the groundwater near the villages in oil field quality sampling tests which Cl~-,COD and other petrl pollution factors outweigh the standard level seriously, oil development has brought much more groundwater pollution.By investigating the soil near the well and oil tanks, oil materials in the sampling soil which have no relationship with the development time of production well become more less with the increasing of the distance between the sample point and the well platform. Through the interior soil column leaching experiments of crude oil, the law of oil pollutants transferring into the soil has been studied that speed of transferring and infiltrating seems quite slowly and may cause soil compaction and change the physical structure of the soil in certain circumstance. Through the soil column leaching experiment simulated fluids, the law of heavy metal transferring and infiltrating into the soil has been studied that the speed of transferring into the soil seems fast for Chromium and low for lead and as a result oil development will not cause heavy metal pollution of soil environment.Comparative analysis of oil development on the impact of vegetation is applied by the use of indoor pot experiment and field survey study. Oil pollutants not only impact wheat emergence, plant height, panicle length but also the germination rates of corn, soybean and cotton seed which is the impacted mostly. Through field comparative analysis between apple trees near wells and those without pollution, index of leaf senescence of fruit trees, apple leaf chlorophyll content and nutrient composition are impacted slightly by the development of oil.Specific measures for the environmental impact of oil development should be issued systematically from the perspective of the government and the public.â‘ Government should improve the legal system of oil development, implement the permit system about exploration and development of petroleum resources and carry out economic instruments such as environmental performance bonds and payment of environmental responsibility to implement compulsory insurance in order to regulate the development of the oil companies.â‘¡Enhance public awareness of environmental protection by strengthening environmental education. People safeguard their own rights and interests of the environment and express their wishes to government and enterprises in view of the environmental information disclosure, taking part in environmental protection organizations and using legal means.â‘¢Oil companies in the oil development would comply with the provisions of various environmental protection laws and regulations, set up the effective operation of HSE management system, use pollution control technology to implement cleaner production in order to effectively slow down oil development impacts on the environment and realize the sustainable development of the oil development and ecological environment.