| China is now stepping into a globally-watched, continuing and fast development stage for both economy and society after more than30years’ reformation and opening-up, with its GDP ranking second in the world. It can be foreseen that the achievement of our economic growth is to be continued under the guidance of the conception of scientific development. Along with rapid and dynamic social and economic development, the process of industrialization and urbanization in China will be accelerated. China has now become the largest manufacturing country and the most dynamic emerging economic entity in the world. Based on the report by National Bureau of Statistics of China in2009, the level of urbanization in China had increased from7.3%in1949to45.68%in2008; the number of cities had increased to655in2008from132before the establishment of New China; its urban area had been up to35,469.7sq kilometers in2007compared to9,386sq kilometers in1978, totally increasing by26,084sq kilometers; the level of urbanization in2009even reached46.6%, the same level as that in middle-income countries in the world. However, there are still some general problems in the process of industrialization in China, such as irrational industrial structure and layout, low efficiency of industrial economic growth as well as low-quality of land use, etc. As far as the process of urbanization is concerned, there are also some general problems, such as separation of the dual structure in urban and rural areas, bad coordination between urban and rural areas, too much similarity of urban spatial patterns and structures, non-distinctive urban characteristics and features, unsound urban and rural systems, insufficiency of the graded development effect, laying too much stress on urban extension but ignoring the perfection of internal functions and improvement of living environment, lack of support to industrial development besides serious waste of land resources, etc. In particular, low quality of land use in both of the processes of industrialization and urbanization is neither in conformity with the reality of our country-that is vast population but less land (very limited cultivation land), nor in consistent with the concept of scientific development. Thus the advancement of both industrialization and urbanization will be inevitably unsustainable in case that these problems are not to be solved. Therefore, besides ensuring continuing and healthy economic and social development, we shall and have to insist on adopting the strictest possible systems and rules in the world to protect cultivation land resources, as well as adhering to coordinated development in both urban and rural areas and pressing ahead with economic and intensive use of land.In order to probe and solve various problems encountered in current industrialization and urbanization processes in China, the State Council has approved to establish National Experimental Zone of Comprehensive Coordinated Reforms for Balanced Urban and Rural Development in Chengdu in2007. According to the General Scheme of Experiment of Comprehensive Coordinated Reforms for Balanced Urban and Rural Development in Chengdu, the State Council approves Chengdu to have preliminary trials in following9fields:1) establish interactive development mechanism for the three industries;2) construct new urban-rural patterns;3) innovate management systems on balanced urban-rural development;4) seek new mechanisms on protecting cultivation land and strengthen economic and intensive use of land;5) seek new ways and methods on peasants moving into urban areas;6) improve urban-rural financial service system;7) perfect the integrated urban-rural employment and the social security system;8) endeavor to realize a equally-enjoyed basic public service between urban and rural areas;9) establish related systems and mechanisms to promote the development of urban-rural ecological civilization. The major objectives of establishing experimental zone are to build Chengdu Experimental Zone into a national preceding sample city of intensifying the reform and balancing the urban-rural development, as well as a national demonstrating window of building up harmonious society and a successful model for post-disaster reconstruction; to promote the full development of Sichuan province; to coordinate the development of economic zones in Chengdu and Chongqin as well as the development of the middle and western areas of China and to complete the establishment of Chengdu Experimental Zone satisfactorily. Besides, it is expected to build Chengdu into the logistics and business centre, financial centre, scientific and technological centre as well as transportation and communication centre in Southwestern China. Chengdu is also expected to be built into China major high-tech industrial base, modern manufacturing base, modern service industry base and modern agricultural base. The main objectives for the2) point above are balanced urban-rural infrastructure construction, realizing the urban functions to be delivered into rural areas, promoting the healthy advancement of urbanization as well as building up new forms of urban-rural integration, by meeting with the requirements of optimizing layout, laying stress on key points, making gradual progress and insisting on intensive development. In2010, Chengdu has set forth its magnificent goal-to build modern garden city, as its response to constructing new urban-rural patterns.Based on above mentioned background and applying theories and methods in landscape ecology and urban geography as well as other fields, with urban-rural natural patterns, economic&social forms as the basic research framework, by analyzing and researching influencing factors of constructing new urban-rural spatial pattern, this study focuses on research on comprehensive spatial pattern covering urban-rural ecological pattern, industry development, urban system and many other aspects. This study also puts forward several theories and methods which are applied in researching the construction of new urban-rural patterns based on urban-rural coordinating developmental theory and landscape ecology.Having given adequate consideration to the importance of applying theory to reality, this paper selected Shuangliu County as the research object and conducted empirical researches on new urban-rural spatial patterns on the basis of landscape ecology. Guided by landscape ecology and using advanced technical methods of geographical information system, this study focuses on analyzing and researching on the variation/change law of Shuangliu County spatial patterns as well as the division of its urban-rural spatial patterns on the basis of researching and analyzing on current status of land use and present spatial patterns. This study also conducts researches on urban-rural spatial patterns of the whole area of Shuangliu County in accordance with the features of new urban-rural spatial patterns by applying the theory of main-functional zones. There is a three-factor index system created in this study, consisted of Ecological Sensitivity, Development Intensity&Development Potential. This study also carries out layout researches on functional orientation of each development zones, industry development direction and spatial development pattern in Shuangliu County. Besides, it divides Shuangliu County into urban-rural overall spatial form and various development zone spatial patterns, thus it provides a reference to achieve effective use of land and rational industrial layout for each development zones.Meanwhile, this study creates a complete set of evaluating system, spatial evaluating database, a group of evaluating models, and creates SDSS (Spatial Decision Support System) based on landscape ecology as well on the basis of these, put forword the research methods which could be applied to assessing new urban-rural spatial patterns in this study.The conclusion has been summarized as follows through research:(1)The ratio of area to population of Liucheng Town, Shuangliu County is1.16, which is basically the same as the reasonable value. Such balance shall be kept all the time. During "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, Shuangliu County shall focus on development of smaller cities and towns systems with appropriate scale and industrial cluster. (2) Preliminary farmland accounts for49%of the total area of Shuangliu County, therefore, arable land and the preliminary farmland of Shuangliu County shall be taken as foundations of its society, economy and environment, and put in practice with protection system most strictly, so as to provide resources and ecological protection support for sustainable development of economic society of Shuangliu County.(3) Shuangliu County may build an ecological corridor consisting of Longmenshan, Longquan Mountain and Muma Mountain tourist corridors with Sichuan Characteristics Culture and the beautiful East Mountain ecotourism corridor; river corridor with Jiang’an River, Fuhe River and Jinjiang River as the main parts; and material flow and crowd flow systems based on the traffic corridor.(4) With large-sized segment for urban construction as the core, the driving force of such cities and towns as Dongsheng Town, Huayang Town and Zhonghe Town is greatly improved; with industrial concentrating development zone as medium-sized segment, high end industrial clusters focusing on new technologies such as IT and Internet, new energies, new materials and modern logistics industry, are cultivated; with new rural residential area and modern agricultural industrial park as small-sized segment, a new urban and rural spatial patterns system with connection of different corridors is formed.This paper has proposed the following main innovative points:(1) Propose the analysis and research method for constructing new urban-rural spatial pattern on the basis of urban-rural land utilization characteristic and the differential regulation, and the pattern of "patch-corridor-matrix" landscape spatial structure and the landscape non-uniformity research as the foundation, take as model new city and countryside space shape landscape tical study method.(2) Advance core ecological effects and values of arable land and preliminary cultivated land. During the construction of new urban and rural spatial patterns, cultivated land and preliminary farmland shall be taken as the foundations of landscape ecological matrix, taken People First and cultivated land and preliminary farmland protection strictly as the precondition of sustainable and balanced regional development.(3) Perform reasonable planning for urban land use and optimize spatial distribution for urban land use based on theory of coordinating urban and rural planning. When protecting arable land and preliminary farmland, strengthen the economic effects of land use and optimize the research method on configuration of land resources through the optimal design for patches of cities and towns and industrial patches.(4) The intensiveness level of residential function in urban areas is closely connected with not only land type, including residential land, land for transportation and public land, but also structure characteristic indices of land space, including diversity index, dominance index and aggregation index. To improve the level of saving to use urban intensive land should take into account both the allocation of land use types and the optimization of land use spatial structure.(5) Research methods for establishing index system based on the three factors of eco-sensitivity, development strength, and development potential.(6) Research methods for building evaluation system of new urban spatial patterns research and evaluation spatial database, spatial decision support system and evaluation model group.Due to the limitation of research conditions and technological capability, the research in this paper remains to be further improved in many aspects. Many questions need deep research.(1) The research contents of landscape ecology may be concluded as follows: structure-function-trends. Structure and function focus on status of landscape and reflect types and space allocation peculiar to current landscape, while trends indicate the change of landscape in terms of structure and function as time goes on. Because of the incomplete historical data of land use in Shuangliu County, although this paper has performed deeply analysis on space allocation status of land use, it still lacks of further deeply research on changing process of land use trends and optimization of regional land use.(2) Dimension is another important research content for landscape ecology, which may be generalized as spatial dimensions of landscape. The key point of this research is to seek spatial heterogeneity patterns. There may be some discrepancies in influences caused by calculation results of dimensions and index of urban land use, which requires further research.(3) Adhering to the strictest cultivated land protection system of the world and saving the intensive land are the basic premise to build new urban and rural spatial pattern. The research on building of new urban and rural spatial pattern requires further combination with land suitability evaluation, construction land suitability evaluation and the saving use of the intensive land evaluation index system and research methods.(4) This paper has taken Shuangliu County as a demonstration object and meanwhile successfully applied the research findings in the planning preparation of "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" of Xindu District, Chengdu City and Dujiangyan City, which has obtained sound effects. However, because of the limitation of the depth and breadth of this research, the universality of these findings requires further testing. |
PDF Full Text Request