Research On The Mechanism Of Unsafe Behavior Of Construction Workers And Management Strategy

Since the reform and opening up,China’s engineering construction industry has developed rapidly,but the construction industry is still facing many practical problems because it is large but not strong,and many but not good.The safety situation in the construction industry is severe and complex,with the highest level of potential dangers among all industries.Work safety accidents occur frequently,causing huge losses of life and property to all builders.The unsafe behavior of construction workers is the direct cause of safety accidents,so it is the primary control object of safety management.However,the increasing number of safety accidents and deaths year by year reflects that traditional research perspectives and models have limited effects on improving unsafe behaviors,and it is necessary to expand research from a new perspective.With the in-depth development of behavioral research,there have been more and more theories and practices that can explain individual behaviors,but few analyze the psychological and cognitive reasons and influencing factors before the occurrence of unsafe behaviors of construction workers,and explore the possible factors.The existing relevance and mechanism of action are combined and analyzed in a unified manner and finally applied to the construction industry.Therefore,studying the causes and mechanisms of unsafe behaviors of construction workers by learning from a variety of concepts and theories related to behavioral science not only provides a variety of perspectives for the study of safety management in the construction industry,but also broadens the understanding of the mechanism of behavior from the cognitive link.Studying the boundaries also provides more ways to improve and specific practical programs for the management of unsafe behaviors of construction workers.Based on the existing research,this study takes the unsafe behavior of construction workers as the key research object,comprehensively uses the methods of literature research,interpretative structural model,participatory observation,questionnaire survey and statistical analysis,and takes the cognitive perspective as the basis.From the perspective of multi-disciplinary integration,this paper makes a systematic study on the influencing factors and behavior mechanism of unsafe behavior of construction workers,aiming at pre controlling unsafe behavior of construction workers,preventing safety accidents and improving the effect of safety management.Including the following aspects:(1)Propose a theoretical framework for the mechanism of unsafe behavior of construction workers from the perspective of multidisciplinary researchThrough literature research and expert interview,the paper analyzes the concepts,theories and research status related to the construction workers’ big five personality,risk decision-making and building safety,and summarizes the existing problems and the direction to be improved;Based on the cognitive perspective,the author explores the relationship between the factors influencing unsafe behavior of construction workers and the mechanism of behavior.The theoretical framework of this study includes four parts: “TPB(Theory of planned behavior)-based stratification of influencing factors of unsafe behavior intention of construction workers”,“Construction and analysis of mechanism model of unsafe behavior of construction workers”,“Test of mechanism model of unsafe behavior of construction workers” and “Research on management strategy of unsafe behavior of construction workers”.Clarify the main lines of the overall research.Subsequent chapters will discuss these four parts in detail.(2)Stratification of influencing factors of construction workers’ unsafe behavior intention based on TPBFirst,analyze the common unsafe behaviors of construction workers,classify the unsafe behaviors,analyze the rationality and applicability of the factors affecting the unsafe behaviors of construction workers from the cognitive perspective based on the TPB;take the intentional unsafe behaviors as the main research object,uses the explanatory structure model method to sort out the logic and hierarchical structure between the influencing factors;the results show that the direct influencing factors of construction workers’ unsafe behavior intention(the first level)include the pursuit of energy saving,risk perception,workmates,self-efficacy and past behaviors,the middle-level influencing factors(the second level)are external conditions,and the deep-level influencing factors(the third level)are managers;By analyzing the relationship,function and structure of the factors,the internal structure of the influencing factors of workers’ unsafe behavior is qualitatively obtained from the cognitive perspective,which is convenient for managers to understand and apply.(3)Construction and analysis of unsafe behavior mechanism model of construction workersFirstly,taking the personality of construction workers as the breakthrough point,combined with the big five personality theory,the relationship model of “Big Five personality-unsafe behavior intention” of construction workers is proposed;On this basis,the paper introduces more influencing factors such as individual and organizational management,and discusses the relationship between big five personality and risk propensity,risk propensity and unsafe behavior intention,the mediating effect of risk propensity,the moderating effect of safety atmosphere and unsafe behavior intention,and the moderating effect of safety atmosphere,the relationship between personal particulars and risk propensity,as well as between personal particulars and unsafe behavior intention is analyzed;accordingly,propose eight categories and a total of 38 hypothetical relationships.This paper constructs the mechanism model of unsafe behavior of construction workers,selects the measurement items and model analysis methods of each variable in the mechanism model,and provides a theoretical basis for the model test of unsafe behavior of construction workers.(4)Model test of occurrence mechanism on construction workers’ unsafe behaviorsFirst of all,the research scheme is designed and the data collection process and key points are analyzed;Secondly,the questionnaire was designed and the survey data of construction workers were collected nationwide.The reliability and accuracy of the data were tested through a series of statistical analysis methods;The hypothesis relationships of main effect(big five personality,risk propensity,unsafe behavior intention),mediating effect(risk propensity),moderating effect(safety atmosphere)and relevance analysis(personal particulars)in the mechanism model are tested and discussed one by one,and the expected research results are obtained;By discussing the influencing factors,influencing ways,influencing process,influencing size and influencing results of construction workers’ unsafe behaviors,and the key factors and the path links,this paper quantitatively reveals the occurrence mechanism of unsafe behaviors of workers from the perspective of multidisciplinary integration.It lays a quantitative foundation for the management strategy of construction workers’ unsafe behaviors.(5)Research on management strategies of construction workers’ unsafe behaviorsFirstly,the paper puts forward the construction ideas and construction scheme of the management strategy,and analyzes the specific design ideas,principles,schemes and key points;Secondly,taking managers as the core of construction site safety management,combining with the characteristics of intentional and non intentional unsafe behaviors,taking “pre-control” unsafe behaviors as the guidance,using ABC behavior analysis theory and relying on the improvement model of unsafe behaviors of construction workers,this paper puts forward the design scheme of unsafe behaviors management strategy for construction workers,including “two sections”,“four aspects”and “six levels”.The management strategy of “two sections” refers to the pre-control countermeasures of unsafe behaviors of construction workers and the pre-control guarantee mechanism of unsafe behaviors,“four aspects” refers to the design of pre-control countermeasures from the cognitive perspective of construction workers,psychological construction,organization management and group management,“six aspects” refers to the organization management level of organization,economy,technology and system.The supporting laws and regulations and the public’s environmental aspect design the construction workers’ unsafe behavior pre-control safeguard mechanism.Pre-control measures can prevent and control the unsafe behavior intention of construction workers,reduce the possibility of accidents.Pre-control guarantee mechanism provides external guarantee for pre-control measures,such as material and spiritual conditions,so as to realize its healthy and orderly implementation.Through the construction of theoretical framework,theoretical model,mechanism model,empirical analysis and application,the thesis deeply analyzes the relationship between the influencing factors of construction workers’ unsafe behavior and the mechanism of behavior.It is a useful attempt to apply psychology and behavioral theory to safety management of construction industry.The research results have improved the fragmentation of the existing The paper puts forward the theoretical framework of the mechanism of unsafe behavior of construction workers from the perspective of multi-disciplinary integration,which also provides the basis for the follow-up qualitative and quantitative systematic research,which has a good reference value for the safety management practice and sustainable development of China’s construction industry.Although some achievements have been made in this paper,there are still some problems in the research of the relationship between the factors affecting the unsafe behavior of the construction workers and the complexity of the mechanism.More in-depth research can be carried out in the future.