The Study On The History Of Vietnamese Language Planning From The Background Of Chinese-Vietnamese Language Contact(221 B.C.-1945)

As one of China's important neighbors and an important member of the Chinese character culture circle,Vietnam and China have a history of political,economic and cultural exchanges for more than two thousand years.Until today,such exchanges and cooperation have not been interrupted.In history,with the close communication between the two countries in many fields,Chinese and Vietnamese also have a more comprehensive language contact,the result is that Vietnamese is beginning to be influenced by Chinese in all directions,Vietnamese pronunciation,vocabulary and even grammar have changed to a certain extent,such as the change of Vietnamese tone,the emergence of Chinese and Vietnamese words,and so on.With the increasing breadth and depth of language contact between Chinese and Vietnamese,Vietnam began to consciously or unconsciously adopt certain policies or measures to adjust and standardize the use of Chinese written language or Chinese characters.The elite of Vietnamese officials or intellectuals also gradually think about taking certain means to adjust the relationship between Chinese characters and Vietnamese characters.This has formed an important feature of ancient Vietnamese language planning,that is,Han-Vietnamese language contact has become an important background of Vietnamese language planning.The content of Vietnamese language planning mainly revolves around how to use and coordinate Chinese characters with Vietnamese native characters.Whether from the Chinese academic circles or the Vietnamese academic circles,the number of research results on the language contact between Chinese and Vietnamese is relatively rich,but there is a lack of combing the history of Vietnamese language planning.In history,Vietnamese language planning inevitably involves the use of Chinese characters in Vietnam.Based on the language contact between Chinese and Vietnamese,this paper combs the main purpose and content of ancient Vietnamese language planning under the background of Chinese and Vietnamese language contact.It is hoped that the research of this paper can make us better understand the spread and use of Chinese characters in Vietnam,and how Chinese culture spreads and takes root in Vietnam with Chinese characters.At the same time,through combing the history of Vietnamese language planning,we can further think about how the Sino-Vietnamese language and cultural relations continue to develop under the background of the current era,and how Chinese can be further spread in Vietnam.Based on the brief introduction of Vietnamese history and Vietnamese language,this study first analyzes the language contact between Chinese and Vietnamese,including the history of Chinese and Vietnamese language contact,and the influence of Chinese and Vietnamese language contact on Vietnamese in different historical periods;Secondly,as the key part of this study,the paper will introduce the language planning of each historical period(up to 1945)according to the historical stages of Vietnam(North,Li,Chen,Houli,Ruan).The main contents include the language ontology planning and language status planning,the field of language planning and the influence of language planning.Finally,after combing the history of language planning in Vietnam's main historical period,this paper will summarize the enlightenment brought by Vietnamese language planning history.This paper consists of seven chapters:The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly introduces the origin,purpose and content,significance and method of this paper,focusing on the literature review and theoretical combing of language contact and language planning theory related to this paper.The second chapter mainly introduces the basic situation of Vietnamese,Vietnamese and Chinese-Vietnamese language contact.The main content is to briefly introduce the humanities,geography and history of Vietnam,and at the same time introduce the simple situation of Vietnamese,focusing on the simple history of Chinese and Vietnamese at the level of language contact,and the influence of Chinese on Vietnamese.In this chapter,we will make it clear that Han-Vietnamese language contact is an important background for language planning in ancient Vietnam.With the change of Han-Vietnamese language contact degree,Vietnam's language planning will be adjusted accordingly.The third chapter mainly introduces the basic situation of language planning in the period of Northern Vietnam.During the period of north genus,the language contact range and field of Chinese and Vietnamese were expanded and deepened,and Vietnamese changed to a certain extent in the process of contact with Chinese.In the northern period,Vietnam was the local county of the feudal dynasty of our country.The main content of its language planning lies in the promotion of Chinese characters and Han culture,and the basic policy is consistent with the feudal dynasty of our country.During this period,the local officials stationed in Vietnam in the Central Plains Dynasty played a main role.They all emphasized the core position of Chinese character education in the field of education.At the same time,under the background of northern immigrants,Confucianism and Buddhist Taoism,Chinese characters were gradually spread and popularized in more than a thousand years.The fourth chapter mainly introduces the language planning of Li Dynasty and Chen Dynasty in Vietnam.Since the establishment of the Ding Dynasty in 968 AD,Vietnam has ended the period of the North and entered the stage of feudal autonomy.The Li Dynasty and the Chen Dynasty were very important dynasties in the early stage of the feudal independence stage of Vietnam.In this period of more than 400 years,the contact between Chinese and Vietnamese is mainly reflected in Chinese characters,Chinese and Vietnamese are basically out of contact at the oral level,Vietnamese pronunciation is basically stereotyped,and Chinese loanwords are largely retained in Vietnamese.Under this background,the content of its language planning is mainly to determine the official character status of Chinese characters,to define the scope and field of the use of Chinese characters;to open the subject,the ability to read and write Chinese characters has become the core index of Vietnamese national talent selection;With the establishment and consolidation of the official character status of Chinese characters,Confucian culture has gradually become the mainstream culture in Vietnam.During the Li Dynasty,the Vietnamese national characters were born,and the scope of use of the Chen Dynasty began to expand.How to standardize the use of the characters was also an important part of the Vietnamese language planning in this period.The fifth chapter mainly introduces the language planning of Vietnam's post-Li Dynasty.The post-Lebanese dynasty is a powerful dynasty in the history of Vietnam,and occupies a very important position in the history of Vietnam.The contact of Chinese Vietnamese in this period is still mainly reflected in Chinese characters,but in this period,Confucian culture permeates and affects all fields of Vietnam.The content of Vietnamese language planning in this period is mainly the standardization of the use of Chinese characters and characters in political,economic,educational,military and cultural fields,and the further consolidation of the official language status of Chinese characters.The sixth chapter mainly introduces the language planning of Vietnam Ruan Dynasty.Ruan Dynasty is the last feudal dynasty in Vietnam.Its language planning basically continues the policy and content of the former dynasty,but in the face of the increasingly complex international situation,Ruan Dynasty's language planning also has its own characteristics.During this period,Chinese-Vietnamese language contact is still the contact between Chinese characters,Chinese pronunciation and grammar have basically no effect on Vietnamese,but Chinese loanwords ——especially in the fields of politics,economy,science and technology,society and so on,Chinese neologisms begin to enter the vocabulary system of Vietnamese.The Vietnamese Ruan Dynasty is facing the international situation under the western colonial system and the declining strength of the Qing Dynasty.The content of its language planning is mainly reflected in the great challenge to the status of the official characters of Chinese characters and the shrinking scope of the use of the characters.With the support of the French colonial forces,the Vietnamese Mandarin characters were born,and with the help of the French colonial authorities,the Mandarin characters quickly penetrated into various fields,such as the government,education,the media and gradually received by the ordinary Vietnamese people and intellectuals.Finally,with the strong impetus of the Vietnamese nationalist intellectuals,the Mandarin characters finally replaced the Chinese characters and became the most widely used characters by the Vietnamese people;In 1945,the Vietnamese language officially replaced Chinese characters and became the official character of the new Vietnamese government.The seventh chapter mainly discusses the enlightenment brought by ancient Vietnamese language planning.Vietnam is one of the main countries in the Chinese character culture circle,and its language planning can reflect the characteristics of the national language planning in the Chinese character culture circle to some extent.The enlightenment of the history of Vietnamese language planning is that the language variation caused by Sino-Vietnamese language contact is an important driving force of language planning,and the "unsystematic planning" of language is also a kind of planning.The planning of Chinese characters and written Chinese is the main content of national language planning in Chinese culture circle.From the practical results,Vietnam's language planning is more successful.Although the pinyin of Vietnamese characters will bring trouble to the ancient and modern cultural heritage of Vietnam,the creation of Mandarin characters has objectively played the purpose of cultural dissemination.It is of great significance to improve the cultural quality of Vietnamese people.The study of the history of language planning in Vietnam is also the history of language and cultural exchange in China and Vietnam,and the study of the rules and characteristics of Chinese character streaming in the cultural circle of Chinese characters has certain reference value for the international promotion of Chinese today.