A Study On The Cognitive Metaphor Meanings Of "Shang" In Modern Chinese

"Shang" is not only a Chinese character, but a morpheme, a word; it's a noun, an adjective and a verb as well. We can see that no matter from aspect of statistic of character or word frequency, it is an everyday expression. It also has many lemmas and senses of a dictionary entry. Therefore, its basic status in "teaching & learning" cannot be ignored. The paper mainly sums up, analyses and compares kinds of meanings of "Shang" in Modern Chinese and discusses its transition in word class. Firstly, the paper concludes all the dictionary meanings in Modern Chinese. Comparing with Ancient Chinese, we find out some senses which used uncommon or already been abandoned. In view of bifurcation on Semasiological Variation, we indicate it's necessary to explain meanings of morphemes and words generally. Therefore, what we support is what most dictionaries' doing. Then we also make clear our study methods-Cognitive Linguistics, expounding significant conceptions-Category, Prototype and Image scheme and so on. We take much longer space to explain seven types of Image schemes of "Shang", including Static images and Dynamic images. In the eye of traditional linguistics, Metaphor and Metonymy are just a kind of language form variation. While they're not like this in field of Cognitive Linguistics but becomes the main and basic tools of surviving and thinking for human beings. Another important part of the paper is summarization of all kinds...