| Objective:With a combination of quantitative and qualitative studies,this study was based on literature review and questionnaire survey, to understand the current status of nursing assistant’s management mode, work content, quality of life, job satisfaction, difficulties and pressure. According to the summary of the analysis,We put forward some reasonable strategies and suggestions to promote the development of the nursing assistants’service.Methods:Literature review:Literatures about the situations and research history about nursing assistants in and outside China were collected thought database of CNKI, Wanfang,Vip, CBMdisc and PubMed.Questionnaire survey:1050 nursing assistants from 3 provincial-level medical institutions,4 city-level medical institutions and 5 county-level medical institutions were investigated. The questionnaire including the basic information and SF-36 health scale. Interview:We interviewed the patients and their families, people from agencies, managers in charge of medical institutions by using the main frame method, to compensate for the shortages of questionnaire survey.Results: Quantitative survey results:(1)1050 questionnaires were distributed, and 1032 questionnaires were returned (98.2%). There were 941 valid questionnaires, with an effective rate of 91.2%.(2) General situation:There were 125 males(13.3%) and 816 females(86.7%) of total subjects; 470 people were 50 to 59 years old(49.9%); 545 participants with education level below than primary school(57.9%);407 peoples’ working experience of nursing were less than 3 years(43.3%); 406 subjects had not been trained before(43.1%);607 participants did not have related insurance(64.5%); (3) nursing assistants with different gender, age, education level have significant difference in job satisfaction (P< 0.05). Females’job satisfaction (44.93%) were higher than male (19.20%), and old age people had higher job satisfaction than young people. People with lower education lever were more satisfied with the job,and the longer they work,the more satisfied they would be; (4)Nursing assistants with different gender, age, education level,working experience have significant difference in the willing to change job. More female considered staying in this job (52.45%) than male (42.40%), and the older people with low education background and working experience for more than 7 years tended not to change the job; (5) The highest scores for social functions of the SF-36 health scale was 98.27±7.06, and the lowest score for mental health was 55.83± 20.67. Multi-factor analysis showed that the degree of education, age, income were related to physical health (P< 0.05); age, income were related to mental health (P< 0.05).Qualitative research results:(1) Managers in charge of medical institutions:They hold the hope that we can establish a scientific system for nursing assistants to allocated nurses reasonably by virtue of the experience from developed countries.For example,using the idea of nursing assistants like developed countries to care the patients’ daily life; (2) People from agencies:Because the workload and pressure of nursing assistants were pretty high,and they also had fewer chance to receive standardized training and sometimes got prejudice from society. So we should advocate the whole society to respect nursing assistants, pay attention to maintain equality and uphold their rights to improve their professional self-identity,and attract young people to join in this job; (3) Patients and their families:It was beneficial for patients and their families had nursing assistants take care of the patients, and this was an effective supplement for the current health system in China.Conclusion:The characteristics, problems and shortcomings for current nursing assistants:(1) It is an old team,and most people of them were over 50 years old. (2)There was gender imbalance, with fewer male nursing assistants. (3) Most nursing assistants were from rural areas with lower education level. (4) They were in low social status with low occupation identity. (5) Nursing assistants worked with high pressure, low wages, incomplete welfare and insurance. (6) The team were still lack of standardized training, and low access threshold; (7) Difference in their age, education level and income were related to their quality of life.This study suggest that we should:(1) Further clarify the responsibilities of the government,construct the nursing team and set related regulations; (2) Strive to expand the ranks of nursing assistants and promote the professionalism of it; (3) Establish a professional training system for improving their knowledge and nursing skills; (4) Improve the welfare for them, and establish a security system to avoid the risks as well; (5) To guide workers set up the concept of self-esteem and self-improvement, and create a good social atmosphere for respecting nursing assistants. |
PDF Full Text Request