Grammar Functions Of H(?)I开in Chencun Village Hakka Dialect And Its Cross-Dialect Comparions

This paper studies hci开’to apart’in Hakka dialect spoken in Chencun Village, Luchuan, Guangxi, presenting comprehensively its syntactic and semantic functions in detail. Hci开in Chencun Hakka dialect is compared with hci开in other varieties of Hakka dialects and words that have similar grammar functions in other dialects, aiming at figuring out characteristics of it.This paper consists of five chapters.Chapter One is Introduction. It briefly introduces geographical situation and language use in Chencun and previous studies on hci开in Hakka dialects. It also shows research purposes, significance, sources of materials and research methods of this paper.Chapter Two discusses in detail the functions of hci开in Chencun Hakka dialect. Grammar functions of hoi开can be divided into two groups in accordance with hci’s location in the sentence. The first group are often seen in hci开in the middle of sentences. Hci开1is an ordinary verb with13ways of use.Hci开2is resultative complements with three meanings:first, to be separated in motion events; second, to start another motion under a certain motion event; third, completion of a motion; forth, a metaphor of "clear and wide" in syntactic structure "V开". Additionally, hci开2in "(mo) V□et2开’ structure, the whole structure represents (can’t) be able to do something.Hci开3plays a grammar role of directional complement, indicating position-movement meaning while without specific point and directionality.Hoi开4is phase complement, which indicates realization of motion, it is between resultative complements and perfective aspect marker.Evolved from phase complement, hoi开5is a perfective aspect marker that signifies completion of motion events. Yet due to the low degree of grammaticalization, it cannot be put directly after a verb to be perfect aspect marker, but only remains in non-perfect sentences. The second group generally occur in hoi开at the end of sentences.Hci开6can be put at end of sentences to be a marker with the following indications:first, repetition of movements or events; second, motions or status remaining unchanged; third, increasing of numbers or degrees.Hoi开7locates at the end of negative imperative sentences, denoting not to do something before finishing another.Hci开8situates at ends of sentences to indicate being just acceptable. Hoi开9is a modal particle that can be used under two moods:first, a mood of affirmation and emphasizing and second a mood of beyond expectation.Chapter Three shows comparisons of hoi开in Chencun Hakka dialect with that in Catonese, and that in Xinjie Hakka dialet, Hakka dialect of Lingping Villege, Bobai County, and other dialects.In Chapter Four, this paper compares hoi开in Chencun Hakka dialects with hai还in mandarin and qu去in Guangxi regional variety of Chinese, as well as Zhuang ethnic group dialect.Chapter Five is conclusion, summarizing content of this paper and pointing out insufficiency of it and future research directions.