Research On Data Transmission Of Acquisition Station In Large-Scale Seismic Exploration System

Seismic exploration is the most effective way to solve the exploration of oil and gas resources,after decades of exploration and development,the difficulty of oil and gas exploration has gradually increased,data collection with higher accuracy and higher density is the future development direction of seismic exploration systems.The acquisition station is the basic unit of the seismic exploration system,and its scale will reach hundreds of thousands or even million channels.Realizing reliable and efficient data transmission between acquisition stations is the key to solving the restriction on the performance and scale of the entire exploration system,and it is also one of the core technologies of the seismic exploration system.This thesis introduced the research status of seismic exploration systems at home and abroad,analyzed the composition and working principle of two foreign advanced seismic exploration systems,conducted research on data transmission between acquisition stations in large-scale seismic exploration systems.The main work of this thesis is summarized as follows:1.A data transmission control protocol for seismic exploration systems was formulated,and a ring-like topology suitable for large-scale deployment of acquisition stations was proposed.In terms of data communication,the frame format,frame function,channel coding and communication link were defined.In terms of management and control,commands such as address allocation,status detection,sensor self-detection,acquisition parameter setting,synchronous acquisition and data return were defined.2.The hardware circuit design of the acquisition station prototype was completed,including the minimum system circuit,low-noise amplifier circuit,high-precision data acquisition circuit,sensor self-detection circuit,temperature and humidity detection circuit,inclination detection circuit,communication interface circuit and data storage circuit.3.The data transmission control protocol of the seismic exploration system was implemented based on FPGA,and the protocol programming was completed using Verilog Hardware Description Language.The functions of power supply control,differential Manchester encoding and decoding,CRC calculation and verification,data reception and transmission,instruction analysis and execution are realized in hardware.4.The performance of the acquisition station was tested and analyzed,including circuit power consumption,communication transmission quality and the functions of acquisition station.The whole process of the system from power-on initialization to seismic wave acquisition and data uploading was simulated.The experimental results show that the data transmission control protocol of the seismic exploration system designed in this thesis can realize effective management of acquisition stations and reliable data transmission between acquisition station links,and meet the expected design requirements.It also lay a foundation for further research and application of the seismic exploration system.