Research And Applications Of Drag Reducing Agents In The Transportation Of Crude Oil Through Pipelines

The recent research and development are first outlined in the field of oil-soluble drag reducing agents.It is followed by describing research in this project on the mechanism of drag reduction by polymer-based drag reducing agents,and on the polymerization process.During the polymerization of 1-octene,the relationship of monomer dosage with drag reducing efficiency has been examined,and the effects of catalysts,co-catalysts and their concentrations together with reaction temperature have been studied on the polymerization process.Based on the experiments,optimal reaction conditions have been identified.Scaling-up of the process to a pilot scale has also been carried out.By single factor experiments,it has been found that the polymerization has taken place as a homopolymerization of alpha-octene monomer,and that the optimal reaction conditions include the best monomer dosage of 100 mL with TiCl3 as the main catalyst and Al(Et2)3+EPE as a co-catalyst,and their best dosages of 60 mg/100 mL,and 0.6 mg/100 mL,respectively.The initial reaction temperature is in the range of 15～5℃ and the polymerization time is approximately 48 hours.The produced samples have a drag reduction efficiency of 44.2%on average.The product from pilot-scale production has been found having a similar drag reduction efficiency with stable properties which is suitable for large-scale industrial production.Further with single factor experiments,the effects have been quantified of concentration of drag reducing agents,flow velocity,Reynolds number and the shear forces on the drag efficiency.When the concentration of drag reducing agents increases from 2.5 mg/L to 15mg/L,the drag reduction efficiency increases from 14.7%to 52.7%.With further increasing of the drag reducing agent concentration,the increase in drag reduction efficiency slows down and tends to be stable.When the medium velocity is 3 m/s,a best drag reduction efficiency of 55.6%is obtained.It has been found that the drag reduction efficiency increases initially with increasing Reynolds number when Re is below 4000.However,when the Re is larger than 4000,the drag reduction efficiency decreases as the Reynolds number increases.With...