| In order to explore the balanced level of the development of health literacy in China,this paper studies the current situation and influencing factors of health literacy of urban and rural residents in underdeveloped areas of Gansu Province,understands the cognitive level of residents' health knowledge,concepts,and the practice level of health behaviors and skills,and provides the basis for formulating the promotion strategies of residents' health literacy.Based on the health literacy monitoring questionnaire for urban and rural residents,which is unified and applicable in China,the study designed the simplified version of the monitoring questionnaire,and randomly surveyed 1078 residents in Baiyin area of Gansu Province.Based on the results of the monitoring questionnaire and literature review method,the interview questionnaire was designed,and the investigation mode of "monitoring volume + interview volume" was adopted.The results showed that:(1)the overall health literacy level of residents in Baiyin area of Gansu Province is 18.77%.26.79% of the respondentshave health knowledge / concept literacy(class I),26.23% of the respondents have health lifestyle and behavior literacy(class II),43.77%of the respondents have basic skills literacy(Class III);the level of residents' six types of health problem literacy is the highest in basic medical literacy(67.26%),and the lowest in chronic disease prevention and control literacy(11.32%).The main factors that affect the overall level of health literacy are the differences of region,education level and economic income.The main factors that affect the overall health literacy level of rural residents are economic income and education level,and the main factors that affect the overall literacy level of urban residents are the differences of occupation and education level.At the same time,the education level is an important factor affecting the literacy level of three aspects and six types of health problems.(2)The correct rate of answering questions on infectious disease prevention and control,safety and first aid literacy among different characteristic groups were all above 50%;while some problems in other health literacy,such as "the benefits of breastfeeding for infants",were lower than 50%.As for the item "the benefits of eating soybean products",the correct rate of the residents with different characteristics was less than 30%,and that of "correct understanding of osteoporosis" was less than 15%.(3)In the interview of health knowledge and health behavior,it was found that the awareness of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis,chronic diseases such ashypertension was more than 90%;55% of the respondents said that there were harmful and toxic risk factors in the working environment;93.33%of the respondents said they could wash their hands frequently;76.67% of the respondents chose handkerchief or paper towel when sneezing;and the respondents' awareness of "health" was "healthy" The awareness rate of "literacy 66" was only 25%.In conclusion,the overall health literacy of residents in this area is better than that in rural areas,and the economic income,education level and health literacy level are positively related.In the aspect of health literacy promotion,rural residents,young people,elderly people,low-income population,low-cultural level population,unmarried population are the key groups of health education;the literacy level of health knowledge reserve,cognitive concept and healthy living habits is low,which is an important module of health literacy improvement;chronic disease prevention and control literacy is the weak link,the establishment of scientific health concept and the acquisition of health information are the key breakthrough areas in the process of improving health literacy in the future.Therefore,we should focus on speeding up the construction of urban-rural integration,giving full play to the role of family doctors in promoting health,and strengthening health education. |
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