Study On The Impact Of Tourism Stakeholders’ Activities On Grassland Ecosystem Services

The sustainable use of ecosystem services is the ultimate goal of the development of ecological protection,and it is of great significance to pay attention to the influence of human activities on grassland ecosystem services while studying the supply capacity of grassland ecosystem services in ecologically fragile areas.Based on the Bayinbuluke World Heritage Site as a case study,this study analyzes the interests of core tourism stakeholders,including government departments,tourism enterprises,tourists and local herders.By combing the main activities of the core tourism stakeholders on grassland ecosystem services,the impact of the main activities of tourism stakeholders on grassland ecosystem services is explored.This study begins with an analysis of tourism stakeholders at the Bayinbuluke World Natural Heritage Site,to clarify the types and interests of tourism stakeholders,and further constructed the tourism stakeholders to influence the grassland ecosystem services of the theoretical framework.Secondly,it studies the influence of government departments,tourism companies,tourists and herdsmen’s activities on grassland ecosystem services.Finally,the conclusion of the study is: Government departments are in the core management position among various stakeholders,and with the help of grassland ecological protection and tourism supervision and management measures to regulate the reasonable development and utilization of grassland resources by tourism companies and herders,effectively alleviate the supply pressure of grassland ecosystem,and provide a good ecological basis for ensuring the coordinated and sustainable development of regional social and economic system and eco-tourism system.The development of tourism companies needs to rely on good grassland ecosystem,develop high-quality eco-tourism products by tapping the functional value of grassland ecosystem’s social,economic and cultural services,and pursue coordinated development while improving the overall value level of grassland ecosystem services.Tourists are the key beneficiaries of grassland ecosystem services,and their tourism consumption activities are closely related to grassland ecosystem services.The empirical analysis of tourists’ ecological footprint found that the influence of tourists’ catering,transportation,sightseeing,accommodation and waste discharge on grassland ecosystem services decreased in turn.Pastoralists are the most direct bearers of changes in grassland ecosystem services,and are most sensitive to changes in grassland ecosystem services,and their livelihoods depend directly on the quality of grassland ecosystem services.Herdsmen’s livestock production activities,tourism and business activities and living activities have a direct impact on grassland ecosystem services,of which overload grazing is the main cause of grassland ecosystem degradation.In order to promote the moderate scale production of herdsmen’s animal husbandry,further research will be carried out on herdsmen’s willingness to reduce livestock.The results show that the financial capital,material capital,natural capital and human capital of herders have no significant impact on their willingness to reduce livestock.Cultural capital has a positive impact on the herders’ willingness to reduce livestock,while social capital has a negative impact on the herders’ willingness to reduce livestock.The policy supervision can restrain the overload grazing behaviour by affecting the herders’ psychological expectation of "illegal cost",and whether the amount of subsidies can make up for the economic losses caused by the reduction of livestock is the key to affect the herdsmen’s willingness to reduce livestock.The study found that economic benefit orientation is an important factor affecting herdsmen’s behavior of animal reduction,and the policy supervision plays an effective role in suppressing overloading grazing behavior by affecting herdsmen’s "illegal cost",and the re-equal relationship between the economic loss caused by animal reduction and the amount of grassland ecological compensation is also the key to affect herders’ willingness to reduce livestock.