Research On The Key Technology And Application Of Edible Fungus Residue To Prepare Microbial Fertilizer

The extensive application of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production will cause serious problems:such as environmental pollution,insect resistance and food safety.The use of bio-organic fertilizer can reduce the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer,increase soil fertility,improve crop yield and quality,and protect soil ecological environment.A large amount of edible mushroom residue in agricultural production is an environment friendly waste resource that can be cheaply made into microbial fertilizer.In this thesis,the edible mushroom residue was used as organic raw material,and then inoculated with functional microbial strains to make microbial organic fertilizer.Based on the analysis of the composition of raw and treated mushroom residue we explore production process（fermentation,drying,crushing andmixing）which the mushroom residue,were made into microbial fertilizer substrate.After optimizing the best carbon source,nitrogen source,inorganic salt,temperature and pH growth conditions of Rhodiococcus and Bacillus subtilis two bacteria and treated mushroom residue were mixed and made into microbial organic fertilizer.Using celery,radish,rice and corn,the effects of microbial fertilizer on yield and quality of plants,and biological and chemical parameters of soil were evaluated.（1）The nitrogen,phosphorus potassium,organic matter,total humic acid content and pH value of raw Abalone mushroom residue were 0.89%,2.52%,2.34%,60.5%,15.5%and5.6,respectively.After fermentation,drying,crushing and mixing,the effective total nutrient（N+P₂O₅+K₂O）,organic matter and total humic acid contents of treated mushroom residue were more than 8%,70%,and 20%,respectively,and mushroom residue can be used as the substrate of organic fertilizer.（2）It were the best effect that 10%-20%rapeseed cake used as the adjustment auxiliary materialwere added into Abalone mushroom residue during the fermentation treatment because The fermentation temperature rose quickly,the highest temperature reached 69℃,and lasted for a long time,and the ratio of carbon to ammonia and pH value increased.The fermentation effect was the best at about 80℃for 60-120min,The drying effect of rotary drum dryer was obviously better than that of fluidized bed dryer,which could reduce the moisture content by 3%.The crushing fineness of fermentation bacterial residue is 1-2 mm,which was most suitable for crop growth,and can be used to produce microbial organic fertilizer.（3）The abilities of Bacillus subtilis and Rhodiococcus cocci to dissolve inorganic phosphorus（calcium phosphate）and release the potassium were 31.72mg/L and 72.24mg/L and 3.17mg/L and 6.73mg/L,respectively.When 0.30%starch used as carbon source,1.50%peanut as nitrogen source,and 0.50%magnesium sulfate as inorganic salt were added into the culture medium,the concentration of Rhodiococcus was the highest after 48h.When0.70%of honey as carbon source,1.5%soybean as nitrogen source and 0.60%calcium carbonate as inorganic salt were added into the culture medium,the concentration of Bacillus subtilis was the highest after 22 h.The concentration of Rhodococcus reached the maximum at pH 5.2,28℃and 140r/min and the concentration of Bacillus subtilis reached the maximum at pH 5.2,28℃and 140 r/min.（4）The monitoring results showed that the effective viable bacteria were above 20million/g after the microbial fertilizer had been stored for 180 days.which still met the technical requirement of the biological organic fertilizer standard（5）The application of microbial organic fertilizer can improve crop yield and quality of crops and vegetables.Compared to the blank treatment,celery,radish,maize and rice were 121.6%,79.2%,42.6%and 57.9%growth respectively.Chlorophyll content and growth of leafy vegetables evidently increased.The content of Vc,protein and soluble sugar in radish samples also increased,while the content of nitrite decreased.In addition,it can also effectively improve corn barren tip,make corn fruit fuller,increase rice seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight,improve soil.The results showed that the development of edible mushroom residue into microbial organic fertilizer has a good effect on improving the yield and quality of crops and vegetalbes,and soil property.