A Study Of The "Jiangning Model" In The Construction Of Rural County Government In China In The 1930s

After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government,although it nominally realized the unification and political rule of the country,in the rural areas as the basic unit of the state power to implement its ruling power,due to the frustration of the county autonomy movement,the rise of the land revolution led by the Communist Party of China and other political motives and the decline of the rural economy and other economic motives,the control of the rural society has been in a state of disorder for a long time.In the 1930 s,with the Kuomintang regime ’s strong awareness of the crisis of grassroots rule and the vigorous development of the rural construction movement,the establishment of county government construction experimental areas,the reform of county government,and the rescue of villages became the main line of the national government’s political reform.In these experimental groups,there is not only the ’ Zouping model ’ that introduces social organizations in the process of running schools and promotes traditional moral norms;there is also a ’ Dingxian model’ centered on social education and comprehensive construction of villages;there are also ’ Jiangning Model ’and ’Lanxi Model ’ that are based on official wishes and implement the integration of education and politics.The above models have different backgrounds and methods.Only Jiangning is located on the side of Nanjing,with convenient transportation and experience in self-government.Choosing it as an experimental county for county construction can fully reflect the intention of the Kuomintang regime to strengthen the control of rural society in order to consolidate the regime.This paper attempts to start from the perspective of rural history,social history and political history,using the relevant theories and methods of history,sociology,political science and other disciplines,through a large number of collection,collation and analysis of the historical documents of Jiangning Experimental County,in order to comprehensively analyze and explore the political problems of Jiangning County.This paper first presents the background of the establishment of Jiangning Experimental County in Nanjing in the 1930 s to highlight the urgency of county construction.Secondly,by discussing the county government construction policies and measures of Jiangning in the aspects of administrative structure reform,grass-roots administrative reform,land reform,social control system,etc.,to show the basic situation of Jiangning experiment,and by comparing with ’ Dingxian model ’ and’Zouping model’,the characteristics of Jiangning model’ are obtained.Thirdly,further explore the impact of Jiangning Experimental County on the social class,economy and people ’s thoughts of rural society,so as to analyze the internal limitations of Jiangning Experiment and obtain historical thinking.Finally,it is concluded that although in general,Jiangning experiment does not have the ability to guide social democratic reform due to internal and external factors,its rich experimental content still provides a broad space for future generations to reflect,which can provide reference for the construction of modern rural democratic politics.