Study On Protection Mechanism Of Government Esponsibility About Saving Energy And Reducing Pollutant Emission

Government-oriented Environmental Management is the general awareness of academic session to china's environmental administrative system. However, the Government-oriented environmental management increasingly reveals many drawbacks with the promotion and improvement of China's market economic reform, and the development of our society and economy. The energy saving targets of the year 2006 in the 11th Five-year plan has further brought energy conservation and emission reduction to the forefront. Energy conservation and emission reduction is a long-term strategic task. How to eliminate all the abuses that have emerged and effectively set up long-term security mechanism of government's responsibility is not only an important theoretical issue that requires in-depth study, but also a significant practical problem that needs to be urgently solved.Researches on the role of government in energy conservation and emission reduction and its security mechanism are relatively rare. The focuses of this dissertation are as follows:the government's work on the responsibility safeguard mechanism of energy conservation and emission reduction is effective? How to take responsibility? What's the problem in the operation of responsibility safeguard mechanism? How to establish the long-acting mechanism? What are the contents, model and operation of the responsibility safeguard mechanism? Etc.As for the energy conservation, it is comprised of waste reduction and recycling increase. Waste reduction refers to enhance the quality and quantity of the energy utilization, optimize its structure and reduce the logistics loss as well as the unnecessary emissions of energy medium. To increase recycling is to recover secondary energy during the course of production, including the residual pressure, heat, energy and gas, etc. As for reducing pollutant emission, it refers to reduce the discharge of pollutants and environmentally harmful emissions. The government's responsibility in energy conservation and emission reduction is the ecological responsibility of the government, which means that the economic index of GDP and economic interests should not be over-emphasized in the process of economic development, and we should not ignore the social interests and other interests. When dealing with resource and environmental problems, the government should maintain the balance of the ecosystem in a society with man and nature in harmony.The basic theory of government's responsibility of the security mechanism in energy conservation and emission reduction includes the theory of public goods, sustainable development, externality theory, the theory of recycling economy, scientific outlook on development, harmonious social theory and low-carbon economy theory.The main successful experience of developed countries in energy conservation and reducing pollutant emission included ten aspects:improving the legal framework; the establishment of clear objectives; strengthening the institutional construction; making full use of market mechanisms; the development of recycling economy; relying on technological innovation; tax policy and effective guidance; the rational distribution of pollutants emission in tradable permit; to promoting energy conservation and emission reduction by non-economic means; providing the environmental indicators system with policy support.Energy conservation should be under the guidance and controlling of government. meanwhile the enterprises conserve resource and reduce pollutants emission during the production. It's the enterprise itself that implement the energy saving. Can the safeguard mechanism of the government ensure that enterprises will actively implement this policy? The research shows that the use of evolutionary game analysis can effectively reveal the complicated relationship that mutually promote and affect between the two parts in the implementation of the environmental protection and of energy saving policy:â‘ if the government does not intervene in the environmental protection, the enterprises will automatically select to maximize the use of environmental resources, Nash equilibrium (negative towards energy-saving emission and reduction policies), resulting in a huge waste of environmental resources;â‘¡if the government monitors the actions of the enterprises'environmental protection, enterprises and the Government are faced with the game problems. In order to encourage enterprises to control the environment effectively, and to adopt energy-saving measures to reduce emissions, what the Government should do:(1) To keep an appropriate punishment; (2) to maintain a certain degree of supervision probability; (3) to enhance enterprises' social reputation so as to form a stable corporation environmental strategy.In the process of implementing policies of energy conservation, the interests between government and enterprises are inconsistent, so as central and local government. How to carry out the government responsibility mechanisms of energy saving and emission reduction? Utilizing principal-agent theory, this paper studies principal-agent relationship between government and enterprises, central government and local government in the mechanism of government responsibility of energy saving.At the same time, it also analyzes their different roles in energy conservation policies and the feasibility of the government responsibility safeguard mechanism. The results show that when facing the incentive issues between government and enterprises, the government has three choices in the implementation of energy conservation policy, if subsidies and penalties act as independent parameters:(1) the awards and the penalties are implemented simultaneously; (2) only the implementation of the penalties; (3) only the implementation of the awards, through analysis and comparison of three different programs obtained, the first program is the best choice for the government. Comparison of three different programs shows that the implementation of both rewarding and punishment simultaneous is the best incentive program for the government.By principal-agent theory, this article researches problems of incentive mechanism between central and local governments in the implementation of energy conservation policy. The analysis shows that:(1) When the local government invests in large-scale facilities, the Central Government will pay more attention to the efforts of local government's economic benefits, but will ignore its efforts to achieve environmental benefits, and the larger size facilities are, the less effective the local government is in implementation of energy-saving emission and reduction policy;(2) since the efforts to achieve environmental benefits in the short term are not easily observed, it is appropriate that the central government should take the fixed payment to spur the local government's efforts to implementation of energy-saving emission and reduction policy and adopt incentive contract to spur its efforts to achieve economic benefits;(3) because the task of improving economic benefits and the achievement of energy-saving and emission reduction tasks are complementary, it is also beneficial for the central government to increase to spur local government's economic benefits in order to enhance its efforts to implementation of energy-saving and reducing pollutant emission.This dissertation makes the positive analysis on the local government's behavior in the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction. Through the cluster analysis on the local governments, it can be seen that the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction implemented by provincial and municipal local governments are consistent with the level of economic development and with the region. It can also be seen from the factor analysis by the local governments that in the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction, the current focus of local governments' work is on the enhancement of regional economic benefits, the construction of industrial pollution treatment projects, energy consumption and the governance of industrial "three wastes", in which the largest investment of local governments are the first two aspects.Through the basic comparative analysis and chain analysis on the data from 2003 to 2008 in this dissertation, positive analysis on the central government's actions in the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction indicates that the central government's input into the indicators on energy conservation and emission reduction policies increased year by year, and the effectiveness of its implementation had also increased. However, because of the large number of historical debts, the effect is not optimistic as a whole. By the gray correlation analysis among the indicators, on the one hand, it shows that the central government put highly emphasis on energy conservation and emission reduction in 2003, but fell bottom in 2004, although rebound in 2005, it didn't exceed that of 2003, and finally made a breakthrough in 2008. On the other hand, in the indicators of implementing energy conservation and emission reduction, the central government paid most attention to the control of industrial "three wastes", followed by the investments in the treatment of environmental pollution, and finally the "energy saving". It shows that the central government put "emission reduction "at the first place and "energy saving" at the second place in the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction. The specific strategies of implementing government safeguard mechanism of energy conservation and emission reduction include:giving full play to the leading role of the government, speeding up the legal system construction of energy conservation and emission reduction, improving its relevant policies, developing the recycling economy and clean production, stepping up the construction of energy environment indicator system, accelerating the technological progress of energy conservation and emission reduction and raising its public awareness.Innovations of the content are as follows:(1)Proposing the model of protection mechanism of government responsibility about saving energy and reducing pollutant emission, which is a theoretical innovation to the development of the responsible government theory with Chinese characteristics.(2)The establishment of evolutionary game on protection mechanism of government responsibility about saving energy and reducing pollutant emission proves the effectiveness of government responsibility safeguard mechanism theoretically, which provides a theoretical basis for the enactment of correlative policy. At the same time, there is the innovation significance in establishing a set of protection mechanisms to guide the implementation of the government responsibility safeguard mechanism and to ensure the conduction of corporate behavior.(3)This dissertation analysis government protection mechanism of saving energy and reducing pollutant emission by empirical research, and reveals the problems existed in its implementation, and put forward some policy recommendations to effectively promote the effective work of energy conservation and emission reduction. This will be a guide and theory deepening significance for the further implementation of strategic task of energy conservation and emission reduction.There are two innovative practices in the research methods:(1)In the construction of the theoretical model of government responsibility safeguard mechanism in energy conservation and reducing pollutant emission, there is an innovative significance for the successful application of evolutionary game theory and principal-agent theory, which not only enriches the theoretical basis of game theory and information economics, develops the application range, but also optimizes the research foundation of the energy conservation and emission reduction theory.(2)In the empirical research of government responsibility safeguard mechanism of energy conservation and emission reduction, the application of cluster analysis, factor analysis, chain analysis, grey relational analysis make good effects to reveal the problems of the policy implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction, which can be viewed as innovative ways to study the energy conservation and emission reduction policies.