Effect Analysis Of Government Environmental Regulation And Public Participation On Enterprise Pollution Behavior

Since 20^th century with the great improvement of technological change and social productivity, human have created unprecedented wealth and accelerated the course of civilization. Meanwhile, so many problems such as population increase, resource depletion, environmental pollution, ecological destruction which obstruct economic development and improvement of life quality have increasingly appeared and threaten future subsistence of human. With rapid industrialization in our country, loss of soils and water, deterioration and shrinkage of lakes, break flow of rivers, shortage of water resources, pollution of water and gas have also appeared. Though rapid industrialization have great contribution to economic development, the model with high input, high consumption and high pollution gives enormous pressure on environment. Our government have established and perfected the system of environmental laws and regulations which acquired some progress in environmental protection. However, the severe situation of environment haven't changed. For example, emissions of main contamination exceed carrying capacity of environment, reaches of passing through cities are polluted widely, austere pollution of air and acid rain exist in many cities, harm of lasting organic contamination appears, areas of soil pollution are enlarging and pollution alongshore is getting more and more serious. Many problems of environmental pollution which happened with the industrialization by stages in developed country for more than 100 years, have appeared concentratively during more than 20 years in our country and showed structural, compound and compressing characters.However, environmental problems can't be solved effectively by market adjustment. Because the conditions that successful run of market mechanism need such as property rights distinction, perfect competition, nonexistence of externality, non-short-term behavior and nonuncertainty are insufficient in the allocation of environmental resources. These problems results in excessive emission of enterprise pollution and market failure. The existence of market failure makes adjustment of government mechanism necessary. But effected by imperfectness, insufficiency and asymmetry of information, interest group, system distemperedness, decision-making misplay and so on, government may fail in correcting market failure even makes market mechanism more distorted. Because of the existence of market and government failure, participation of public who have correlation with environmental problem is helpful. Public participation reduce not only cost of social management but also environmental loss from market and government failure. This means that resolution of environmental problem need restriction and collaboration among government, public and enterprise. Based on this focus, this paper gives a analysis from relationship of government, public and enterprise. By using theories of economics, environmental economics, institutional economics, information economics and management science, methods of macroscopy and microscopy, empirical and normative researches, qualitative and quantitative analysis, this paper discusses the hypostasis of enterprise pollution behavior and reveals the effect of government environmental regulation, public participation on enterprise pollution behavior. The results have important significance of theory and practice in the aspects of directing behavior of enterprise production, reinforcing environmental regulation of government and improving public participation.Based on the relative researches of Chinese and foreign, this paper analyses the situation of enterprise environmental pollution and emission tendency of main contamination, points out severe position of environmental deterioration and negative effect of pollution on sustainable development of society and economy by aiming at that emission of enterprise pollution is the main reason of environmental pollution in our country. It briefly introduces primary contents about institution of environmental management, analyses the situations and problems of government environmental regulation and public participation, discloses theoretically the essence of enterprise pollution behavior and the effect of government environmental regulation and public participation on enterprise pollution behavior. It also gives a further empirical analysis on effect distinctiveness and strength of government environmental regulation and public participation on enterprise environmental performance. It discusses the reasons why government environmental regulation is weak and public participation is low. Then it analyses government behavior with a typical case and identified the effect factors of public participation with empirical approach. By summarizing the experiences of environmental management in developed country, it puts forward the suggestion of environmental management model called trinity. This paper is composed with nine chapters. The major contents of each part are as follows:Chapter one, introduction. It raises the issue and meaning of the study, reviews and comments literatures related to this research including cognition of Chinese and foreign scholars to environmental problem, effects of government environmental regulation, public participation on enterprise environmental performance, effect factors of public participation, points out the shortcoming of existing researches, definitudes the purpose and meaning of this research, expatiated base frame and major contents, research methods and data resources, discusses the possible innovation and shortcoming.Chapter two, theoretical base. It establishes the theoretical base for effect analysis of government environmental regulation and public participation on by discussing theories of market failure, government regulation and government failure, public participation.Chapter three, situation and effect of enterprise pollution. It analyses great pressure on environment and the effect on sustainable development of society and economy from enterprise pollution by reviewing the situation of enterprise pollution and construing emission tendency of main contamination.Chapter four, situations of government environmental regulation and public participation. It briefly introduces institution of environmental management, analyses the situations and problems of government environmental regulation and public participation guaranteed by the institution.Chapter five, theoretical analysis the emergence of enterprise pollution behavior. It establishes game theoretical frame of demand and supply of enterprise environmental resource based on individual rationality, analyses the essence of enterprise pollution behavior, discloses excessive demand and insufficient supply to environmental resource as individual rationality resulting in collective nonrationality.Chapter six, theoretical analysis on the effects of government environmental regulation and public participation on enterprise environmental performance. It analyses the effects by using game theory and graphic method. The results of game equilibrium between government and enterprise show government environmental regulation and enterprise pollution management have effect each other. When government don't need to take on regulation responsibility, it doesn't seem to effectively control enterprises to escape pollution management from long term even through it is beneficial for improving enterprise pollution management since government reinforce enterprise environmental regulation. When government need to take on regulation responsibility, the reinforcement of government environmental regulation can promote enterprise pollution management and also control enterprise to escape pollution management from long term. The results of game equilibrium between public and enterprise show public participation is not only helpful to reduce probability of enterprise pollution in a short time but also positive to restriction behavior of enterprise pollution in a long time with enhancement in the consciousness of public environmental protection and ability of public participation.Chapter seven, empirical analysis on effects of government environmental regulation and public participation on enterprise environmental performance. It analyses empirically the effects by using simultaneous equations and panel data model. The results indicate government environmental regulation and public participation have positive effects on enterprise environmental performance. But the effects strength are weak and the effect of public participation is weaker than that of government environmental regulation. Based on this conclusion, it analyses the reasons that government environmental regulation is weak and public participation is low and makes further analysis on the problem of government environmental regulation by using typical case and the effect factors of public participation by establishing utility function model.Chapter eight, the experience summarization of environmental management in developed country. Taking the environmental management of America and Japan for examples, it investigates all kinds of measures of environmental management and summarizes the successful experiences in the arrangement and coordination of environmental executive institution, the exertion of environmental management methods, the construction of public participation mechanism and the direction of enterprise environmental management to provide references for improving environmental management of our country.Chapter nine, policy suggestion of improving environmental management in our country. It puts forward to establish the model of environmental management called trinity. This model is composed of lead of government environmental regulation, assistance of public participation and cooperation of enterprise environmental management. It also provides some countermeasures for enforcement of trinity environmental management.