Study On Geo-ecological Environment Based On Mineral Resources Development

Kangding, Luding, Danba, Jiulong, Yajiang, and Daofu are located in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where Metallogenesis is strong, and rich in precious metals, rare metals and special non-metallic mineral. The study area has a gigantic prospect. However, it is a part of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River ecological protection barrier; the geo-ecological environment is weak. Face to the great opportunity of mineral development and the challenge of geo-ecological environment protection, the solution is to realize the sustainable development based on the geo-ecological environmental sustainable carrying. The thesis applies geographical, geological, ecological, economical and remote sensing data, considering the spatial information thinking, to extract and analyze the system, subsystems and factors of geo-ecological environment, the understanding and the results are as fallows.(1) The metallogenetic tectonic setting is superior and developing situation is not good. The study area is located in Sichuan and Yunnan and the north-south tectonic Xiaojin-Jintang-arc structure and composite parts. Geological evaluating experienced a long period of time, tectonic system is complex, and the activities of Orogeny, metamorphism, magmatism are strong. There are gold, copper, lead, zinc, platinum and nickel, mica resources which have comparative advantage in Sichuan province. There are remote sensing and geochemical anomaly which are good overlap. Non-scientific development from the Ming and Qing Dynasties has lead to geo-ecological environment more fragile and more disasters.(2) The mechanism between non-mineral resources and mineral resources development is complex. The relation among animals, plants and geological and biological evolution are close, the growth conditions of animals and plants should reflect the environmental stability. Collaboratively developing hydropower and mineral can promote the rapid development of economy, mineral development need sufficient power, and surplus electricity can help upgrade mineral products. Tourism and mineral development is related to ancient and current, green and pollution, the key issue is to adjust the timing between them. Agricultural, pastoral land and resources is the fundamental, mineral resource can help people get rich. Protection and conservation of land can solve current relationship between the local persons and the mining enterprises. Mineral development is rooted in the cultural resources, green mines and recycling economy is the country's current decision-making, it should be rooted in cultural values.(3) There are clear dividing geological structures in study area, geological phenomenon can be studied by geographical methods. Elevation, slope, aspect and roughness information reveals that there is great difference between eastern region and western, northern and southern. By using remote sensing image to interpret linear structure and circular structure, considering differences in topography, to carve out a more detailed pattern of tectonic units. Use statistics principle to analyze the frenqucy, total density and average density of linear structure, and apply fractural mathematics to extract quantitative information. Thesis uses construction of the scale, distribution to divide tectonic stages, and further make sure NW Xianshuihe fault zone, Delai-dingqu deep fault, and NE Yunongxi fault, and EW Niqu-Yuke fault, Jintang Arc fault are the main control faults. The use of geographical research methods can be used as reference non-geological.(4) Ecological environment and geological environment have similar spatial information feature. On the one hand, temperature and precipitation change from the plains to the mountains; on the other hand, different elevation, and aspect and drainage area have jump characteristics because of large-scale mountain distribution. Hydrology has obvious characteristics of the upper reaches of the Yangtze, water density, bifurcation ratio, bend coefficient and fractural have close relationship with regional structure, Neotectonics and seismic. Because of long time elevation of parent rock, soil shows strong differences in lithology and vertical sub-district. Vegetation cover is the sign of ecology and its stability. Middle, higher vegetation cover ranks first, Low vegetation cover and none vegetation cover mainly distributes in mountain area. The relationship of vegetation cover, structure, lithology and other factors all have regional controlling action. Each kind of information can be gained from vegetation cover.(5) Geo-ecological environmental carrying capacity has clear regional boundaries. By applying targeted analysis method, three-layer structures are used to establish evaluation index system. After calculating weight, use GIS to do overlay, and then get excellent, good, medium and poor zoning. There are 260 evaluating units; the order of area is good, excellent, medium, and poor. Xianshuihe Fault and Yunongxi Fault have clear feature. Excellent zoning and good zoning mainly distributes in Jiulong and Yajiang; medium zoning and poor zoning mainly distributes in Kangding, Luding, and Danba. By contrasting carrying capacity and mining activities to establish carrying capacity judge model. Study shows that there maybe overload capacity status in Danba, Kangding, Luding, and Jiulong.(6) Geo-ecological environmental risk based on mineral development is notable. Carrying capacity shows different value due to different space and time, if overload the threshold, there would be geo-ecological risk. Considering earthquake, rain, accidents, do four degree zoning. The zoning results show that, each region is contained in risk system. The risk zoning and carrying capacity have positive correlation.(7) Geo-ecological environment sustainable carrying and sustainable development is one systems engineering, thus it demands multisectoral, multidisciplinary, multi-technology methods to collaborate and integrate. Gridding is used to establish the connection between planning and managing, grid information can be used as a reference. The thesis also gives some advices. Firstly, deal with mineral development as an engineering and system; curing mineral region based on drainage area. Secondly, the bargaining of exploration rights and mining rights should be controlled; economic interest should be used in environment protection. Thirdly, keep exploration and development chain continuous. Fourthly, ensure the vitality of small mines. Fifthly, survey the environment by using spatial technology. Sixthly, do Basic, comprehensive and dynamic research.